Belize
Pilicu - Belize(貝里斯)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/220px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/BLZ_orthographic.svg/220px-BLZ_orthographic.svg.png)
Pilisu 貝里斯
[mikawit | o yin-se-ma no pisinanot]Takaray a sowal(概要):
[mikawit | o yin-se-ma no pisinanot]Pilisu (Ikiris a sowal:Belize; Kuwaping a sowal:貝里斯)o malamicongacongay a Hontolasu a kitakit, itiraay itiraay i sakawalian no Sasifo’an no Amilika Karopaw, o siikeday a kitakit. Isakatimol ato isaka’etip mada’edo’edoay ato Kuwatimala, isakawali misa’ayaway to Kalepi riyar. Sato’edaw sanay ko faco nona kitakit, o kato’edaw i, 290 km, kakahad i, 110 km, itini i Sasifo’an a Amilika Karopaw i, o ‘edengan konini a kitakit ko caay ka pisi’ayaw to Rahidayay Riyar(Taypinyang).
O polong a kakahad no sera i,22.800㎢, o tamdaw i,408,487 ko tamdaw(2019 sa’osi).
Ona kitakit macacamol to masasiromaromaay a sowal ato punka, o tahapinangan to kadofah no rikisi.
Ono sifoan a sowal i,o Ikiris a sowal, nikawrira, ono winaan a sowal Koliol(Ikiris a sowal: Creole Language; Kaping a sowal:克里奧爾語) ko kalosowal to romi’ami’ad. O ninian to ko ira ko kalifatad a tamdaw mafana’ay a somowal to pinapina a sowal, o Sipanya a sowal ho kalasowal no tamtamdaw.
O pinengneng no ’alomanay i,pako Sasifo’an a Amilika Karopaw ato ilislisay no Korpi Riyar a kitakit ko Pilisu sanay, o mikapotay i Mapapolongay a Karpi(CARICOM;加勒比共同體), Latin-Amirika ato Korpi Kapolongan(CELAC) ato Sasifo’an a Amilika Karopaw a Kapolongan(Sipangya a sowal:Sistema de la Integración Centroamericana,Decdecan a tilid:SICA; Kuwaping a sowal:中美洲統合體). O kapot no Tata'akay Ikiris a Lekatep, orasaka, ci Ilicapid II (Ikiris a sowal:Elizabeth II ;Kaping a sowal:伊麗莎白二世) ko Sarawa’an ato Kakridan no Pilisu a kitakit.
Rikisi(歷史)
[mikawit | o yin-se-ma no pisinanot]Sarakatay a macat ko Sipanya a tamdaw(西班牙人首先登陸)
[mikawit | o yin-se-ma no pisinanot]Itiya ho i 1511 miheca, o sarakatay a macat tona pala a Yoropa a tamdaw o mikalicay to tamina a Sipanya tamdaw, ‘aloman ko macepetay no itinitiniay a maro’ o Maya a tamdaw malasapato’aya anoca malakoli.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Caesalpinia-echinata.jpg/220px-Caesalpinia-echinata.jpg)
1638 miheca, satapang a mafolaw a tayni ko Yoropa a tamdaw, nikawrira, i’ayaw no 1670 miheca awaay ko pakatafesiway to cecay a miheca a maro’ itini. Ona mafolaway a tayni a Yoropa a tamdaw sahetoay o misakilangay, nawhani, ira ko tadamaanay a kilang o Inki-kilang(blackwood;墨水樹) ato Kahengangay-Kilang no Poracir(brazilwood;巴西紅木) o salisanga’ to sacengel, matekes ko ’aca patayraen i Yoropa a pacakay. Ira ho ko Tayietawhuwasinmu(Swietenia macrophylla;大葉桃花心木)mala’afa’afas ko tamadaw a mi’aca, nawhani, tadamanga’ayay sapisaloma’ ato sapisang’ to dafong. Tona mihecahecaan adihay ko kokong no riyar a tatayni, ira ko ’aro sanay itini a Sipanya a tamdaw, ira ko malicoay no Intian a tamdaw.
Micongacongay to Ikiris a Hongtolasu(英屬宏都拉斯)
[mikawit | o yin-se-ma no pisinanot]Itiya ho o Sipanya a Hontian Kitakit mihai to pikilang no Ikiris a tamdaw, nikawria, milalang to sapipatirengan to Micowat a Mikowan. To ikor i 1798 miheca, lalood sa to ko Ikiris ato Sipanya, oya maro’ay i saka’amisay a Pecih-Kanatal (Sipanya asowal:Península de Yucatán; Kaping a sowal:猶加敦半島) no Sifo’ay Amirika a Karopaw a tapang no sofitay no Sipanya ocoren ningra ko 32 a tamina a mi’afas patikol toya pala. Nani saka 9 folad saka 3 romi’ad tahira i saka 9 folad saka 10 romi’ad, mararid ko lalood i kihaw no Pilisu, saikoray to i, sawad han to no Sipanya koya mi’ecoan a pala, o「Battle of St. George's Caye」hananay a pangangan. Saka 9 folad saka 10 romi’ad o pasela’an no kitakit to sapikining tona「Battle of St. George's Caye」a lalood.
I kaleponan no 18sici, misatapang ko Ikiris a pakamaro’ itini a mikowan ton apala. 1840 miheca, laheci han to no Ikiris ko Pilisu malamicowatn a sakowan. 1862 miheca palaheci mipacomod malamikowanan no Honti no Ikiris mala「micongacongay a Hongtolasu」hananay a pangangan.
Mifalic to ngangan no kitakit(正名為貝里斯)
[mikawit | o yin-se-ma no pisinanot]1964 miheca saka 1 folad milekal o Pikaikian Faco no kitakit,laheci sato ko pisiied a niyahpikowan, 1973 miheca, falic han to koya nipanganganan no Ikiris a「micongacongay a Hongtolasu」to「Pilisu」ha ngangan no kitakit.
Kaitiraan (地理位置)
[mikawit | o yin-se-ma no pisinanot]Itiraay i sakawalian no Sasifo’an no Amilika Karopaw, o siikeday a kitakit. Isakatimol ato isaka’etip mada’edo’edoay ato Kuwatimala, isakawali misa’ayaway to lihaw no Hongtolasu no Kalepi riyar. Adhihay ko kanatanatal, ma’edef no tokos, sena’sena’an ato no Fa’etay a Kakarayan a kilakilangan(Tropical moist broadleaf forest;熱帶雨林).
O laleko no sera i,tosaay ko pecih o sakatimol pecih ato saka’amisay a pecih:katimolay a laleko no sera i, o lotolotokan no Maya, nani sakatimol no ka’etip pasi ka’amis no sakawali ko kasado’edo’edo nona lotok, o ’apocok nona cipas lotok o Kokoskomu(Ikiris a sowal:Coxcomb Peak;科克斯科姆峰)o ka’akawang nona ’apocok i,nani tongroh no riyar ira ko 1121.97m, o sakakaay ko ka’akawang tona kitakit; isaka’amis ato lislis no riyar a laleko no pala o masadasdasay, o lalen no ka’akawang i,nani tongroh no riyar ira ko 61m, sahetoay o swna’swna’an.
O sakakaay a ’alo ira ko Mopan ’alo(Sipanya a sowal:Río Mopán; Kaping a sowal:莫潘河) ato Pilisu ’alo(Ikiris a sowal:Belize River;Sipanya a sowal:Río Belice;Kaping a sowal:貝里斯河).
I sakatimol a laleko no sera i, o Fa’etay a Kakarayan a kilakilangan(Tropical moist broadleaf forest;熱帶雨林),o roma sato i,o Fa’etay a Kakarayan a rengorengosan(Tropical moist broadleaf Grassland;熱帶草原).
O ha’emin no miheca o kara’oradan ato kakedalan ko kasasiroma, 3~5 a folad o kakedalan, 6~11 o mado’etay a folad. O lalen a fa’edet i,17~25°C, o ’orad to mihecaan i,isaka’amis latek 1350mm, isakatimol i,latek 4575mm, o pitahepo no kilakilangan i,mahaop ko 70%. Ikacifreangan ato karafawfawan mafaliyosay to to mihecahecan.
Itini i 17 15 N, 88 45 W, noNotimolan Amilika ko Belize.Polong no sekalay i 22,966 sq km “saka 152 ko rayray no ngangan. O sekalay no sera i, 22,806 sq km, no nanom a sekalay i, 160 sq km,Polong i 353,858 ko tamdaw.
sera(土地):Masakilac ko sera o malo kakaomahen(農業) a sera 6.90%, Malo no kilakilangan(林業) a sera 60.60%, malo no roma to a sera 32.50%.
siyoto(首都):O Pilmopan(Belmopan,貝爾墨潘) ko Siyoto.katomirengan no kitakit a romi’ad(國家紀念日):Pihiratengan no kitakit a romi’ad i sakasiwa 10 a romi’ad.O Sawara’an no kitakit anini i ci Elizabeth II(伊莉莎白二世女王), patirengan a romi’ad i 1952 a miheca saka 2 folad saka 6 a romi’ad.
Sici (政治)
[mikawit | o yin-se-ma no pisinanot]O Pilisu i,Pikaikian Faco a kitakit, o kapot no Tata'akay Ikiris a Lekatep. O tayal no sifo i,mido’edo’edoay tono Ikiris a
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/George_Cadle_Price.jpg/220px-George_Cadle_Price.jpg)
a Faco (Ikiris a sowal:Westminster system; Kaping a sowal:西敏制)no sici, o misanga’ay to rikec no kitakit a Pikaikian ko sakakaay ko ’icel no sakowan,o pisawkitan i,o Ikiris-Amirika Faco a Rikec(Ikiris a sowal:common law)[1]ko pitili’an a misawkit. Ititni i Sifo’an-Amirika-Karopaw ’edeng o Pilisu ato fiyaw a kitakit Kostalika ko limadacay ko sici temenekay ko syakai.
Itini i Pilisu tosaay ko tata’angay a kasafelaw no sici: isifo’ay a pasikawili ko tayal a centang[2] o「Kapolongan no Finawlan a Centang」(People's United Party) ato isifo’ay a pasikawanan ko tayal a centang o「Finawlan ko Pi'arawan a Centang」(United Democratic Party).
Kasasilsil no sakowan(行政區劃)
[mikawit | o yin-se-ma no pisinanot]’Enemay ko kasasilsil no sakowan:
# | ’Amis | Ikiris | Kuwaping | Syoto |
1 | Pilisu Etal | Belize | 貝里斯區 | Belize City |
2 | Kayu Etal | Cayo | 卡優區 | San Ignacio |
3 | Kolosar Etal | Corozal | 科羅薩爾鎮 | Corozal Town |
4 | Citaw Etal | Orange Walk | 橘道區 | Orange Walk Town |
5 | Stankoliko Etal | Stann Creek | 史坦克瑞克區 | Dangriga |
6 | Torito Etal | Toledo | 托勒多區 | Punta Gorda |
Kacacofelan a Demak (外交)
[mikawit | o yin-se-ma no pisinanot]Mapatirengay ko kacacofelan a Demak ato 94 a kitakit, ira ko kacacofel a demak ato Conghuwaminko, ato itiraay i Afrika a Saharawi-Arapiya Nikapolongan Kitakit(Sipanya a sowal:República Árabe Saharaui Democrática,SADR); Kaping a sowal:撒拉威阿拉伯民主共和國,通稱西撒哈拉), ato itiraay i Parkan-Pecih-Kanatal no Yoropa o( Arpaniya a sowal:Republika e Kosovës; Saywirwiya a sowal:Република Косово; Roman a tilid:Republika Kosovo; Kaping a sowal:科索沃共和國,簡稱科索沃).
I 1987 miheca saka 2 folad saka 6 folad patireng ato Congko to kacacofelan a demak, mapalasawad ko kacacofelan a demak ato Conhuwaminko(Taywan). Caho ka halafin mafalic ko mikowanany a tapang no Pilisu, i 1989 miheca saka 10 folad saka 11 romi’ad patatiko ho ko Pilisu a patireng to kacacofeln a demak ato Conhuwaminko(Taywan), mapalasawad ko kacacofeln a demak ato Conko.[3]
Kicai (經濟)
[mikawit | o yin-se-ma no pisinanot]Nano to’asan o misakilangay ko ’orip no Pilisu a tamdaw, tona icilaay ho a mihecan o maomahay to ko ’alomanay ko tayal, mangaled ko misatefosay, misamami’ay, kokoya, panay, tamako, pawli, ato paka’enay to kolong. Ikakaay ko mifotingay. O misanga’ay to dafong i,o misataminaay, misanga’ay to kaka’enen, mililecay to keliw, dafong no loma’, tinci ato tamako.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Turtle_Inn_bar_and_dining_area.jpg/220px-Turtle_Inn_bar_and_dining_area.jpg)
Tili’en ko nipasadakan no sepay no Amirika to pakayniay to aniniay alekakawa no ha’emin no kitakit,o Pilisu i,itini i Sifo’an a Amirika Karopaw o sakakaay ko awaay ko katayalan a kitakit mahaop ko 9.4%, ila’enohay ho lalen no manikaway a tamdaw a kacitiwtiw mahaop ko 33.5%.
1999 miheca o cakat no GDP i,mahaop ko 6.4%, tahira to I 2000 miheca kacakat to mahaop ko 10.5%, nikawrira, i 2001 miheca makeron tayra i 3%, nawhani, o kicai no polon a kitakit masereray, ira ho faliyos sacaka nga’ay ko
‘epoc no liomah, pifoting ato pisalamaan no lafang.
Pihapinangan a Tilid(參考文獻)
[mikawit | o yin-se-ma no pisinanot][1] 在《中文主題詞法》2005年版正式主題詞用「英國法系」亦稱普通法系(頁198),不用「海洋法系」。
[2] Oliver H. Woshinsky. Explaining Politics: Culture, Institutions, and Political Behavior. New York: Routledge, 2008. p. 146.
[3] 中国同伯利兹的关系. 中華人民共和國外交部.