Manaco
Manako Sawara’an-kitakit(摩納哥侯國; Fransu a sowal:Principauté de Monaco;Monako a swoal:Principatu de Múnegu)[mikawit | o yin-se-ma no pisinanot]
O itiraay i Saka’etipan-Yoropa ano ca i Sakatimolan-Yoropa a Niyaro’an-kitakit. o kaitiraan i sakatimolan no Fransu, o ‘edengani i katimol no Sifo’ay-Riyar ko kasadakan, o saka’amisan, saka’etipan ato sakawalian sahetoay malikotay no Fransu, oninian o nipatirengan a katelangay niyaro’ ato ikor nipatirengan a niyaro’ ko Monako. O cecay no sakakodefetay a kitakit i hekal, o cipinangay a mamangay-faco a kitakit(微型國家; Ikiris a sowal:Microstate）; 超小國家:Ministate) ano ca o niyaro’an-kitakit hananay ko pipangan. O saka’orip a tayal oya itiraay i Montikaro-Pakiyawan(蒙地卡羅賭場;Monte Carlo Casino) ato mihamhamay-tayal ko sapili’etan no kitakit.
O faco no sieci i, o Sawara’an-Rikec a faco[1], o tatapangan no kitakit o Tata’angay-Sawara’an(大親王或大王爵; Latin a sowal:magnus princeps; Kirisiya a sowal:megas archon; Ikiris a sowal: Grand Duke).itiya ho o cinganganay to cowa ka pilisata ko Manako, o pipalimekay to sata a loma I kakarayan(避稅港; Ikiris a sowal:tax haven) hananay a pangangan.
Rikisi(歷史)
O ngangan no Monako iraay to i ‘ayaw niYisoan to saka 6 sici, o nani tiraay i nipatirengan no maro’ay i Focis-etal no Kirisiya a Focis-tamdaw a nicowatan-kowan no Kirisiya o “Monoikos”. Ano do’edoen kono Kawasan-sowal no Kirisiya(希臘神話;Kirisiya a sowal:ἡ Ἑλληνικὴ Μυθολογία) , itiya ho iraay ko ci’icelay-tamdaw ci Haykolis(海克力斯; Katelangay sowal no Kirisiya:Ἡρακλῆς), tayniay ton apala, orasaka patireng to pita’onganci Haykolis o “Monaikos”( Ikirisiya a sowal: Μόνοικος,o misiikeday a loma’ ano ca o pita’ongan sanay ko imi), nirnir sato malangangan nona itiniay pala.
I 1215 miheca malanicowatan-kowan haca no Riniya(熱那亞;Genova) ko Monako. Nani 1297 miheca, yo mitatawih ci Folangsowa-Kolimaerti to mihatananamay mamalasinpo no Fangciko-Hwi(方濟各會; Itali a sowal:Ordine francescano),ona mihatananamay mamalasinpo(修士; Ikiris a sowal:friar，ano ca fray) o “monaco” hananay no Italiya, ikor to nipi’eco ningra a mipa’ading toya tadacinganganay a Pisitalaan-Raka no Monako (摩納哥岩; Fransu a sowal:Rocher de Monaco) parariday a makowan no Kolimaerti-hontian laloma'an(格里馬爾迪家族;House of Grimaldi) laloma’an, odengan micidekay i, itira i 1793 miheca tahira i 1814 miheca ci Napoliyon(拿破崙·波拿巴;Fransu a sowal:Napoléon Bonaparte) no Fransu Sakacecay-Hontian kitakit ko mikowanay. 1815 miheca tahira 1860 miheca, Wiyiena-Kayki(維也納會議; Fransu a sowal:Le congrès de Vienne) toro’en ko Manoko o papa’adingen kitakit ( 保護國; Ikiris a sowal:Protectorate) no Satiniya Hontian-kitakit(薩丁尼亞王國;Italiya a sowal:Regno di Sardegna) ko Manoko, tahira to i 1861 miheca, i Kakaketonan-Tilid no Monako ato Frasu a malaheci matatoy no Monako.
I’ayaw no pipasadakan to Sakacecay-Kinpo, awaay to ko ikakaay no Sawara’an a mikowanay to monako. 1918 miheca saka 7 folad, matalitlid to cecay a kakaketonan-tilid, o mamipa’ading to Monako ko Fransu Sakatolo-Kapolongan kitakit. Ona kakaketonan-tilid matiliday i « Fanersay Sakarihaday-Kakaketonan »[2],roma sato i, mido’edo ko sowal no Fransu a mifalic ko sieci,sofitay ato saka’orip. 1919 miheca matatilid to kakaketonan ko Fransu ato Monako, ano mapatay ko Tapang no Monako, awa ko wawa to mamirocok malahonti i, pateko han to ko Monako i Fransu.O Fransu ato Monako i 2002 miheca misiiked a matatilid to roma a Kakaketonan, ano awaawa ko mamirocok malahonti no Monako, o misiikeday a kitakit ko Monako. Pararid a paini to sapipa’ading ko Fransu. I Sakatosa Lalood-nohekal a miheahecaan, i 1940 miheca saka 6 folad malowid ko Fransu[3], orasaka o Italiya to ko mi’ecoay a maro’ i kakala’edan no Italiya ato Fransu, madado’edo ko sera no Monako ato Italiya. 1942 miheca saka 11 folad, macakat i Saka’amisan-Afrika ko Nisakapotay-Kitakit(同盟國 ;Ikiris a sowal :Allies of World War II；Rosiya a sowal :Антигитлеровская коалиция), maaro’ no safitay no Italiya ko Monako, 1943 miheca mikosang ko Italiya liyas sato to Monako. 1944 miheca malolol no Nisakapotay-Kitakit ko Monako.
Sakatolo Laniay( 蘭尼埃三世; Fransu a sowal:Rainier III) i 1949 miheca ikor no kapatayan ni mama no mama ci Roy-Sakatolo mirocok a malahonti. 1962 miheca pasadawk to ga’elohay a kinpo,palasawaden ko pipatay to cilofoay to mipatayay to tamdaw lafo, pa’ading to pisinkiw no fafahiyan, mipatireng heca to Sakakaay-Pisawkitan to sapipa’ading to paifaloco’ay a demak no kalotamdaw. 1993 miheca, malacefang no Linheko, malaheci ko kaci salongoc a mitopa i pikaykian no Linheko.
2005 miheca saka 3 folad saka 31 romi’ad. Malaca’an ca to pakatomireng ko tatireng ni Sakatolo Laniay,o wawa to ningra ko miceroray matayal( 攝政;Ikiris a sowal :Regent).
2005 miheca saka 4 folad saka 6 romi’ad mapatay ko honti ci Laniay, malahonti to ko wawa ci Arpi Sakatosa. I 2995 niheca saka 7 folad saka 12 romi’ad laheci sato mamamikowanay no Monako, o pisikian to kalahonti itiraay i pisikian to patay no wama ci Laniay-sakatolo a kyokai. Kinatosay ko siki to kamaro’ malahonti, oroma i, itiraay i 2005 miheca saka 11 folad saka 9 romi’ad.
Kaitiraan (地理)[mikawit | o yin-se-ma no pisinanot]
Itiraay i saka’amisan lilis no Sifo’an-Riyar ko Monako, o ma’icangay a sa’emer ko kakarayan, parariday cicidal to mihecaan, ono Sifo’an-R iyar a Kakarayan. O polong no kitakit mataliyokay no katimolan no sakawalian a Salawacan-Riyar Aerpis-kowan ( 濱海阿爾卑斯省;Fransu a sowal:Alpes-Maritimes) no Fransu, o pala i, nani sawalian pasi’etip ira ko 3,500 laya’, o sakihecoday a pala odengan 200 laya’. O kakahad no sera 208 kofo(2.08km, isafa ho no Sifo’ay-pisalamaan koyin no Niwyok), o sakatosa a mamangay kitakti i hekal, o sasafaay ko kakahad no sera a mikapotay i Linheko. Ilaloma’ no polong a sera, ira ko cecay no kalilima o niparoan i riyar to sera a pala, tona piparo to sera mapatireng ko Fonwiayie-minato( 豐維埃耶; Fransu a sowal:Fontvieille) Hekulo-minato( 赫庫勒港; Fransu a sowal:Port Hercule) o kahiceraan no sapipalafang a tamina. I’edef ko Monako awaay ko ’alo ato fanaw, i tongroh no riyar ira ko 164.4 laya’ ko ka’akawang, itiraay i masa’apilisay ko kaitiraan no Monako.
Kakarayan(氣候)[mikawit | o yin-se-ma no pisinanot]
Ono Sifo’ay-Riyaran a kakarayan ko Monako, masiwar no Riyaran-Kakarayan ato Lafafaay-So’emetay a kakarayan, ikacifrangan ma’icang a diheko, ilasi’enawan ki’etec a kala’orad.[4] iherek no lahok a romi’ad cowa ka pakaka ko fa’edet( cowa ka pita’elif to 30°C). Tada matatodongay ko kafa’edet no romi’ad. Roma sato i,takaraway ko fa’edet no riyar i kaciferangan, orasaka, sa’emeray ko dadaya. To hatiniay to i, o fa ‘edet i kaciferangan cowa ka isafa no 20°C. Cowa ko mama’araw ko so’eda i kasi’edawan, ano latek mo’etep miheca ira ko kinacecay ano ca kinatosa ira ko so’eda.[5][6] 2018 miheca saka 2 folad saka 27 romi’ad,ciso’edaay i Monako ato Montikaro.[7]
Saka’orip(經濟)[mikawit | o yin-se-ma no pisinanot]
O sakakaay a nili’etanan no Monako o Mihamhamay-tayal, masorot no fangacalay romi’ad ato pipakiway ko ’alomanay a lafang to mihecahecaan. I 2001 miheca misafa’eloh a misakakahad to minato, ta manga’angay ko kahiceraan no Palafangay-Tamina. O sakakaay a tayal ira pakiyaw, misalama ato kinko-tayal, o mihamhamay-tayal, mamangay ikakakaay ko’epoc ato cowa ka kadet akatayaln ko malaheciay a macemahad.
Cowa ka pilisata ko sifo to kalotamdaw. Nawhani, cowa ka ‘adihay ko tamdaw nona kitakit, o sifo sa i, mitekedan ko katayalan a payofingan, dingwa a tayal, tinako han o kafo no Monako-Dingwa o Tatong-Dingwa ci kafo to 49%, o sifo 45% ko kafo, oroma sato i, o Monoko-kinko( Compagnie Monégasque de Banque) cikafo to 6% ko sifo. Ikakakaay ko karihadayan no ‘orip no tamdaw no Monako, milalenay ato i ngataay a tokay no Fransu.
Cowa ka pilisata tono kalotamdaw, onini ko kasafeleng no sapisimedaw to sata a cipaysoay a tamdaw a tayni maforaw, o sakakaay nani Yoropa a kitakit, o mili’etanay i roma a kitakit cangra ; o cinganganay a tamdaw o F1 milidetay-pacikay to tosiya a parakatay, nikawrira, o ‘alomanay i, o cipaysoay a mali’acaay-tamdaw. I 1865 miheca patireng to Montikaro-Pipakiyawan, onini saka cemohad no Monako nani pakoyoc a kitakit.
Cowa ko mikapotay to Yoropa-Lekatep ko Monako, nikawrira, malakapot ato Fransu to sata-lekatep, oninian ko sakanga’ay no Monako mira’oy to Yoropa-Payso. Kodefetay ko kacacofelis no Monako ato Yoropa, maala no Momako ko salongoc to sapisanga’ to payci no Yoropa-Lekatep, oninian i, todongay manga’ay ko Monako paifaloco’ han a misafaco to sasanga’aen a payci.
O skakaay ko ka tekes a Tata’angay-loma’ itiniay i ’apilisan no Aler-tokos a Pahanhanan-loma’(La Villa), ono ’apilisan talacowa caay ka kakahad ko paloma’an odengan158 cofo, nikawrira, mikecoray to edef no Sakatimolan no Fransu a kihaw a pitaparan,ikakaka ko ka’akawang no nipatirengan loma’ ano pasasotili’en to romaay loma, sa pangangan han to o sakakaay ko fangacal i hekal a loma’ oya loma, mapa’ca i 2017 miheca to 2.56 ‘ok no Amirika-Payso, cecay a laya’ tahiraay to i 162 ‘ofad ko Amirika-Payso(falicen tono Taywan a payso ira ko latek 5 patek ko ’ofad).
Tamdaw ato sowal (人口與語言)[mikawit | o yin-se-ma no pisinanot]
O sakakaay ko kadadi’ec ko kamaro’an no tamdaw itini i hekal ko Monako, o maro’ay to romi’ami’ad ira ko 32,020 ko tamdaw, ilaloma’ nonini o Monako 6,089 ko tamdaw. Masafa’ay ko Monako tamdaw i niyahan to a kitakit, awaay a ma’araw itini i kasakitakit ko matiniay a demak. O sakakaay a maro’ay tamdaw o Fransu-tamdaw, mahaop ko 32%, do’edo sa to Italiya 20% ko tamdaw, o itinitiniay aca a maro’ay a Monako-tamdaw dengan 19%, o ‘osaw to 29% o nani 125 kirakit a maforaway a tayni, malakasakitakitan a tamdaw konini.
Mido’edoay to Fantikan(梵蒂岡城國 ;Latin a sowal :Status Civitatis Vaticanae ; Italiya a sowal :Stato della Città del Vaticano) ko kamamang no Monako.
O farasu a sowal kono sifo a kalosowal, kalasowalan ko Ikiris-sowal, Italiya-sowal ato Monako-sowal(o matenakay nani Likoliya-sowal). O mafana’ay to tilid mahaop ko 99% no polong a tamdaw. O miketonan no rikec ko Tinsikiw malopitoora no kitakit, mahaop ko 90% a tamdaw mitooray to Tinsikiw, o Monako Tinsikiw-Tatapangan Etal ko mikowanay, nikawrira, mipa’adingay ko kinpo no Monako to paifaloco’ay a pitoor.
Pacefaday a tilid (註腳)[mikawit | o yin-se-ma no pisinanot]
- ↑ 君主立憲制（英語：Constitutional monarchy）或有限君主制、共和式君主制、虛君共和制或民主式君主制，是相對於君主專制的一種國家體制。
- ↑ 《凡爾賽條約》或《凡爾賽和約》（法語：Traité de Versailles；英語：Treaty of Versailles），全稱《協約國及聯繫國與德國之間的和平條約》（法語：Traité de paix entre les Alliés et les Puissances associées et l'Allemagne，英語：Treaty of Peace between the Allied and Associated Powers and Germany）
- ↑ 第二次康比涅停戰協定（法語：Armistice du 22 juin 1940；德語：Waffenstillstand von Compiègne (1940)），又譯第二次康白尼停戰協定、第二次康邊停戰協定，由法蘭西第三共和國與納粹德國在1940年6月22日18點50分簽訂，簽訂的地點是法國康比涅附近的一節火車車廂。
- ↑ Monaco weather, climate and geography. web.archive.org. 2012-08-21 [2020-03-11]. 原始內容存檔於2012-08-21.
- ↑ Jilly. Snow in Casino Square!. [2020-03-11]. （原始內容存檔於2013-01-16）.
- ↑ Climate. www.visitmonaco.com. [2020-03-11]. （原始內容存檔於2021-03-23）.
- ↑ "In Pictures: French Riviera hit by snowfall". www.thelocal.fr. [2020-03-11]. （原始內容存檔於2018-08-12）.