Malta
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Malta（馬爾他）Malta kKapolongan kitakit(馬爾他共和國; Malta a sowal:Repubblika ta' Malta; Ikirisa sowal:Republic of Malta)[mikawit | o yin-se-ma no pisinanot]
O itiraay i Katimolay-Yoropa a kapolongan a kitakit, o mamangay-faco a kitakit ( 微型國家; Ikiris a sowal:Microstateo; Ministate) syoto o Waleta tokay.itirray i sasifo’an no Sifo’an-Riyar kano kanatal a Malta Kapolongan-Kitakit, o nipayatekoan to Malta-kanatal, Koco-kanatal, Komino-kanatal ato pinapina a mamangay kanatal.ilaloma’ noniian a kanatal o Komino-kanatal i, o pipa’adingan to ’ayam ato pipa’adingan to kinairaira no pala,tadacinganganay to “o faloco’ no Sifo’an-Riyar”, mapangangan ho to “isaikoran pahanaan no Yoropa”.
Ono sifoan a sowal o Ikiris a sowal ato Malta-sowal. O pipasifana’ to mitiliday o Ikiris a sowal.O mikapotay to Tata’angay-Ikiris Lekatep, Yoropa-Lekatep ato Sinken-kakaketonan (申根區;Fansu a sowal:Espace Schengen; Toic a sowal:Schengen-Raum) O kahiceraan no Punka no Yoropa ko syoto no Malta i 2018 miheca.
O sakakaay saka’orip no Malta o mihamhamay-tayal ato pakipaysoay-tayal, o sakakaay a sapili’etan to roma kitakit a payso ko mihamhamay-tayal no Malta. O roma sato i,malaheciay ko Sapipa’ading-faco (社會保障; Ikiris a sowal::social security ) no Malta, cowa ka papayso a mitilid,mipaising ato hoking no misawaday matayal.
O pisanga’an to “Toroy: kilang-’efa ka hadefek”(《特洛伊：木馬屠城》;Ikiris asowal:Troy), “Mapa’icelay no kawas a sofitay”(《神鬼戰士》;Ikiris a sowal: Gladiator), “Ilawac no riyar”(《海邊》), “ Ikakaay ko kaci’ice a mikalicay to tamina”(《大力水手》) ato “Pisalama to Salongoc” (《冰與火之歌：權力遊戲》;Ikiris a sowal:Game of Thrones), adihay ko itiniay a misanga’ to ika.
Ngangan no kitakit(國名)[mikawit | o yin-se-ma no pisinanot]
O so’elinay a ngangan nona kitakit sano sowal no Malta o Repubblika ta' Malta, kalopitahidang o Malta hananay, sano Ikiris a sowal o Republic of Malta, kalopitahidan o Malta. No Kuwaoing a sowal:馬爾他共和國，通稱馬爾他.Ona Malta hananay i,nani cowaay ko tatapangan nona sowal, o sowal no mikinkiway nani Kirisiya-sowal to “μέλι”(ngiha’ mili), o “waneng” sanay ko imi nona tilid. O Kirisiya a tamdaw o “Μελίτη（ngiha’:Melite）, o “waneng” ano ca o “ko’esanay” ko imi nonini a tilid. Oroma a sowal na ira ko misiieday ko fanohong a waneng no ‘odal itini, sa pangangan han to “ciwanengay pala” han itini. I’yaw ni Yieso to 700 mihecaan ci’icel ko paisiwar no Kirisiya to Malta, o somowalay to sowal no Kirisiya a Sak’etipay Roma-Hontian Kitakit i 394 miheca tahira i 295 mihecaan mikowan to Malta.O roma sa sowal, o “Malta” hananay i,o nani sowal no Finici “Maleth”, o “ piki’adingan to fali a minato” sanay.
Rikisi(歷史)[mikawit | o yin-se-ma no pisinanot]
I’ayaw ni Yieso i saka 10 sici tahir i saka 8 sici,tayniay to ko Finici-tamdaw itini a maro’ to ikor ma’eco no Kirisiya ko Malta, i’ayaw no saka 4 sici ma’eco heca no Katayci-tamdaw . I’ayaw ni Yieso 218 miheca mokuwan no Katelang-Roma.yo itira i no Katayci ato Roma-Kapolongan kitakit, adihay ko kali’acan no Sifo’ay-Riyar, onini ko sakacemohad no Malta.
Nani saka 9 sici tatootoor sa ko Paycantin Hontian-kitakit, Arapiya Hontian-kitakit ato Noman-tamdaw a mikowan to Malta. 1192 miheca o honti no Sisili Hontian-kitakit ci Tankoroyti latek na mapadang no faki ningra o riyaran tapang no sofitay ci Tankoroyti safana’ sa ko pipalit ningra to mamilifet a mirocok malahonti o fafahi no honti ci Kangstans, mapangangan to Malta-Pocie.
1523 miheca,maforaw pasi’amis nani Roto-kanatal no Aycin-Riyar ko Yielsalim SieYohani Paisingan Paka’efay sofitay(耶路撒冷聖約翰醫院騎士團; Latin a sowal:Ordo Fratrum Hospitalis Sancti Ioannis Hierosolymitani; Fransu a sowal:Ordre de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem), ira ko pihamham no honti no Fangcalay Roma-Hontian kitakit(神聖羅馬帝國; Toic a sowal:Heiliges Römisches Reich; Latin a sowal:Sacrum Romanum Imperium)1 ci Cali Sakalima. Ona Paka’efaay-sofitay falicen ko ngangan to Malta Paka’efaay-sofitay. 1565 miheca ira ko lalood to milikotay to Malta, malowid no Paka’efaay-sofitay ko sofitay no Awtoman Hontian-kitakit, itini i rikis no Malta o skakaay a fodfod ko nini, malaheci ko pitaker to sofitay no Awtoman Hontian-kitakit to sapikowataw Sa’etipan-Yoropa.
1798 miheca, keriden no honti no Fransu ci Napolon ko sofitay milaplap to Paka’efaay-sofitay, orasak, patireng to Kamaro’an-loma’ i Roma ko Malta Paka’efaay-sofitay malamisiikeday a kasafelaw. 1800 miheca ma’eco no Ikiris ko Malt 1814 mihea malaheci mala nicowatan-sakowan no Tata’angay-Ikiris Hontian-kitakit. I sakatosa-Laloodan kinapinapina a mapahicera no salifong no Hikoki no Italiya, malikot heca no Italiya, ira to pali’ayaway halaka no Italiya to sapico’ecoaw a macakat to Malta-kanatal, o Cicediay-tamdaw a Sapilood-Halaka( 大力士作戰;Toic a sowal:Unternehmen Herkules) ko nisimeday a ngangan nona sapilood, nikawrira, cowa kafilo no sofitay no Italiya Honttian-kitakit ko pitoker no tamdaw no Malta, sa caka cakat tona kanatal ko sofitay no Italiya.
1064 miheca saka 9 folad saka i romi’ad milekal to pisiiked, cingangan sa o Malta-kitakit, mikapot to Tata’angay Ikiris-Lekatep. 1974 miheca patireng to Malta-Kapolongan kitakit, 1004 miheca mikapot to Yoropa-Lekatep.
Kaitiraan(地理)[mikawit | o yin-se-ma no pisinanot]
Itiraay i sasifo’an no Sifo’ay-Riyar ko Malta, o kakahad no sera ira ko 316km²,o karara’ay to Sisili-Kanatal(西西里; Italiya a sowal:Sicilia) irako 90 km. o katatekoan no Malta-kanatal, Koco-Kanatal(Gozo), Komino-Kanatal(Comino), Kominoto ato Fierla-Kanatal lima a kanatal, ilaloma’ nonian kanatal o Malta-kanatal ko sakakaay, latek ira ko 245km²,’edengan o Malta-kanatal, Koco-kanatal ato Komino-kanatal ko iraay ko tamdaw a maro’.
O faco no pala nani sa’etipan ko ‘akawangay pasiwali sa a malikelon,sahetoay o taporo, tada manikaway to nanom.
Sakilacen ‘enemay ko etal: Satimolan-minato: kakahad 26km², ira ko 83,234 ko tamdaw; saka’amisan:74 km², ira ko 44,852 ko tamdaw; saka’amis-minato:24 km²,ira ko 118,409 ko tamdaw; sakatimolan no sakawali:50 km², ira ko 50,650 ko tamdaw; sa’etipan:73 km², ira ko 51,961 ko tamdaw. Koxo-Komino: 69 km², 29,026 ko tamdaw.
O kakarayan o lafafa’efaay a Sifo’an-Riyar,i kasi’enawan patahtahay to ‘orad, ikaciferangan tadafa’edetay a makedalay.
Saka’orip(經濟)[mikawit | o yin-se-ma no pisinanot]
O nanoto’asan a saka’orip o liomah ato mifoting. Itira i Koco-kanatal o pifotingan itini. Talacowa manikaway to nanom(‘orad), ci’apol heca ko sota’ ato tadafa’edet ko ro’miad, cowa ka tatodong sakiomah, nikawrira, adihay ko misadatengay ato palomaay to kalitang,ikakaay ko kaadihay no misafadisoso’ay, tadaci’etanay konini. O nipalomaan a kaka’enen ‘edengan mahaop ko 20% no polong a kaka’enen. O katayalan i pipatelian to tamina, o sakatosa a misanga’ay to tamina i Yoropa.
O mihamhamay-Tayal ikakaay to pili’etan i polong a li’etan no 40% no kitakit a mili’etanan, o pakapaysoay-tayal a li’etan mahop ko 11 %. O tayniay a palafang i, o nani tiraay i Ikiris, Toic,Italiya ato Rosiya. Nani 1965 miheca matongal ko lafang to 10 ta’edip, to mihecahecaan ira ko 100’ofad o tayniay a minengneng to salawacan no makapahay riyar, ono to’asan a niyaro’ ato kapiciikedan no ‘ongcoy, oramo a 100’ofad a lafang o pakatamina a tayni. To mihecahecaan ira ko 7 ‘ofad a tamdaw tayni a mihatatanam to sowal no Ikiris. Ona pasifana’ay a demak o sifo ko micorohay, mikantokay to tayal. O mihatatanamay to sowal a pitilidan a ‘etan to mihecaan mahaop ko 1.8% no GDP.
O riko’ ato mililecay-tayal o skakaay a tayal itini. I 1992 miheca patireng ko Malta tono niyah a kafo-pikali’acan.
Adihay ko ci’aporay a tadafekeloh ko Malta, tata’ang ko karihaday to patireng to loma’ ,ingataay a riyar no niyahan kitakit adihay ko palaan-kaso ato simal-kasolin.[1]
Nani 70 mihecahecaan no saka 20 sici, masorot ko Kosi no Yoropa nika ka’emed no sata no Malta. Latek ira ko 55 a kosi no Toic itni mitayal to mipasadakay to dafong a tayal, tinako han o Payropaw ato Royto-kuco. Ono tinkian a tayal Ifa-Pantawti(意法半導體; Ikiris a sowal:STMicroelectronics) ira itini ko kakahaday a katayalan kofa.
I 2015 o sa’osi no Malta 89. Itini i piharatengan ko kalalifet no kalokitakit a Sa’osi no ‘icel no kalalifet i Hekal,itiraay i saka 39 rayray ko Malta i laloma’ no 138 kitakit(tahira i 2016 miheca).[2] i sa’osi no paitekeday to kali’aca, i 2017 miheca itiraay i saka 50 rayray i polong no 180 kitakit ko Malta.[3]
Tahira i 2018 miheca saka 6 folad tona cecay a mihecaan, o awaay ko katayalan a sa’osi matefad to 3.9%, i la’eno ho no lalen no Yoropa.[4] 2017 miheca, o awaay ko katayalan a kapah 10.0%.[5]
Tamdaw ato sowal(人口和語言)[mikawit | o yin-se-ma no pisinanot]
O cecay a sakodefetay ko tamdaw a kitakit ko Malta i hekal, o hasacecay a m2 maco’eco a maro’ ko 1250 ko tamdaw. O sakakaay i o Malta-tamdaw, mahaop kp 90%, o rama i, o Arapiya-tamdaw, Italiya-tamdaw, Ikiris-tamdaw. Ono sifo’an a sowal o Malta ato Ikiris a sowal, mafana’ay to Italiya a sowal. O pisa’osi no Yoropa misa’osiay, ira ko 100% a tamdaw mafana’ay to sowal no Malta, ira ko 88% mafana’ay to Ikiris a sowal,66% mafana’ to Italiya a sowal, 17% mafana’ to Fransu a sowal. Sahetoay mafana’ to Ikiris sowal.
Pitooran ato punka(宗教與文化)[mikawit | o yin-se-ma no pisinanot]
O tinsikiw kono kitakitan a pitooran, ira ko mamang a tamdaw mitooray to Fa’elohay-misakeristoay ato Mo’celay-Kirisiya pitooran.
O punka no Malta, o heci no masamaanay a punka malalitemoh mapapa’edil ittini i Malta-kanatal, mahaop ko i ngata’ay a sifo’an-riyar a punka ato i’ayaw no 1964 miheca misiiked ko Malta o mikowanay to Malta a punka no kasasiromaroma a kitakit.
Pacefaday a tilid(註腳)[mikawit | o yin-se-ma no pisinanot]
- ↑ Streit um Mittelmeer-Öl. web.archive.org. 2013-06-13 [2022-11-13]. 原始內容存檔於2013-06-13.
- ↑ World Economic Forum. World Economic Forum. [2022-11-13]. （原始內容存檔於2022-12-29） （英語）.
- ↑ Country Rankings: World & Global Economy Rankings on Economic Freedom. www.heritage.org. [2022-11-13]. （原始內容存檔於2017-10-26）.
- ↑ Home - Eurostat. ec.europa.eu. [2022-11-13]. （原始內容存檔於2023-01-04）.
- ↑ Unemployment, youth total (% of total labor force ages 15-24) (modeled ILO estimate) | Data. data.worldbank.org. [2022-11-13]. （原始內容存檔於2017-09-29）.