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Kenya

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Hata no Kenya

Kenya Kapolongan-Kitakit(肯亞共和國)

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Kenya Kapolongan-Kitakit(肯亞共和國; Swahili a sowal:Jamhuri ya Kenya; Ikiris a sowal:Republic of Kenya) o Kenya hananay kalopitahidang.O itiraay i Sakawalian-Afrika, misi’ayaway to Indo-Riyar, madado’edo’edoay ko sera ato Somaliya, Isopiya, Katimolay-Sotan, Wukanta, Tansangniya, o kakahad no sera ira ko 58 ’ofad km².[1] o tamdaw no Kenya latek ira ko 5051 ‘ofad, ira ko 42 kasasiroma a finacadan,[2]masakilac to toloay a tata’angay rayray no sowal.[3] :o Panto-sowal,o Niro-sowal ato o Kusto-sowal,ono sifo a sowal o Ikiris a sowal ato Swahili a sowal. O polong no kitakit ira ko 47 a sakowan [1], o syoto Nairopi.[4]

Kaitiraan no Kenya

Itiya ho o nikowanan no Ikiris ko Kenya,1963 miheca saka 12 folad saka 12 romi’ad misiiked nani Ikiris. Hatosa mapecih no Tata’angay-Ta'eman no Sakawalian-Afrika( 東非大裂谷;Great Rift Valley)ko Kenya, mahifalat ato Sifo’ay-Konis no cikiw, sacingangan to “Ciwcika no Sakawalian-Afrika”.11 O cecay no Afrika a sanga’ay ko saka’orip no Kenia isakatimolan no Sahara-Tafotafokan,o liomah, o mihamhamay-tolafang a Tayal,ato misang’ay to dafong o sakakaay piti’eran no tamtamdaw, ira ko pipadahof no kalotamdaw to misanga’ to maamaan ato ira ho ko pira’oy no kalotamdaw to dafong, orasaka, o ‘etan no polong no kitakit i 2015 miheca mara’oday ko 614.1 ‘ok a Payso no Amirika,[1] o kacemahad no saka’orip tahiraay to i 5.6%.[5]

O cefang no Linheko, Afrika-Lekatep,Cowa Pisakakinih-Lekatep,Saopo no 77 kitakit, ato Sakawaliay-Afrika Patatekoan-Lekatep( 東非共同體(簡稱東共體;Ikiris a sowal:East African Community,EAC). Itiniay i syoto no Kenya i Nairopi ko Tatatpangan-Loma’ no Citodongay to Kamaro’an no tamdaw(聯合國人居署;聯合國人類住區規劃署; Ikiris a sowal:United Nations Human Settlements Programme) ato Citodongay to Sakafangcal no Taliyokan(聯合國環境署,又稱為聯合國環境規劃署; Ikiris a sowal:United Nations Environment Programme, UNEP;或 UN Environment).[4]

O cecay a katenakan no tamdaw ko Kenya,[6] itini ira ko makarkaray i’ayaway no 250 ’ofad a malafakelohay to a okak no tamdaw.[7] tahira to saka 7sici, ikatimolan no sakawaliay a lislis no riyar adihayay to ko patiyamay, itiniay to ko Arapiya a tamdaw maro’ a patiyam itini. I saka 26 sici, ma’eco no Potawya malanikowan ko lislis no riyar.[8]

Wuforo-Kenyata congtong

1890 miheca, o Ikiris ato Toic maa’isal a mi’eco to Sakawalian-Afrika, o lilam no Ikiris ko Kenya. 1895 miheca, milekal ko sifo no Ikiris to “nidipotan a Sakawalian-Afrika” ko Kenya saan. 1920 miheca, malanikowanan no Ikiris ko Kenya, itiya i 1956 tahira i 1960 miheca, o Cikoyo-Tamdaw(基庫尤; Cikoyo a sowal:Gĩkũyũ) mipacekil to Maomao-pilolol(茅茅起義; Ikiris a sowal:Mau Mau Uprising、Mau Mau Revolt), to sapifelihaw to pikowan no Ikiris.[9] o mikapotay tona Maomao-pilolol a tamdaw cowa ka o Maomao kako sanay to tireng, o "o naifaloco'ay-sofitay no Kenya a sera" (Kenya Land and Freedom Army,decdec a stilid:KLFA) sa ko pitahidang to niyah a tireng.[10]

1963 miheca saka 5 folad midemak to tata’angay sinkiw, Finacadan-Lekatep no Kenya Afrika pakalowaid tona sinkiw. Tona mihecaan saka 6 folad saka 1 romi’ad patireng to Niyah-Pikowan a sifo, saka12 folad saka 12 rom’ad milekal to pisiikedan, mapalasawad to ko 70 ko kakaya’ a pikowan no Ikiris. 1964 miheca saka 12 folad saka 12 romi’ad mapatireng ko Kenya Kapolongan-Kitakit, nikawrira, tahasiay ho i Tata'akay-Ikiris a Lekatep(大英國協;Commonwealth of Nations).[11]

1978 miheca, o sa’ayaway a congtong ci Ciyawmo-Kenyata ato Sapadang congtong ci Tannier-Alapo-Moyi satapang matayal.1982 miheca saka 6 folad mideamk to Cecayay-Kasafelaw Faco (一黨制:Ikiris a sowal:one-party system,又稱單黨制:single-party system;或一黨專政:single-party state) no sieci. 1991 miheca saka 12 folad mafalic a midemak to Adihayay-Kasafelaw Faco no sieci. O kalacongtong ni Moyi ira ko 24 mihecaan ko kato’edaw no mihecaan, tahira i 2002 miheca ko tolas. 2007 miheca saka 12 folad saka 27 romi’ad pakalowid ci Mowayi-Cipici tona mihecaan a sinkiw malacongtong,oya Pacoliay a Koletoay-Cenger a Finawla-Demak ( 橙色民主運動 ; Orange Democratic Movement) to ikakaay a kiing i kalomaocan, oya kakeridan no pacoliay ci Layila-Awtinka malacongli. Oya sato micokeray ci Layila-Awtinka mipacekil to fodfod icowacowa a niyaro’. 2013 miheca, Wuforo-Kenyata pakalowid to sinkiw malacongtong.[12] 2022 miheca tahakedal to sakakaay i Sakawalian-Afrika.[13]

Kaitiraan(地理)

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Cilimacaro-Tokos

Itiniay i Sakwalian-Afrika ko Kenya, mingataay to Indo-Riyar, itiniay kalalaedan no Somaliya ato Tansaniya. O kakahad no sera ira ko 582,650 km², ilaloma’ nonini o sera 140 km², o nanonanoman 11,227 km². o mililisay to lawac no Indo-Riyar ira ko 536km.

O kakarayan o kaitiraan ko pi’arawan a mafalic, oroma a pala sa’emeray, ira ko cowa kafilo ko fa’edet a kakarayan pala.[14][15][16] o itiraay i lilis no riyar o fa’edetay-romi’ad, cecay miheca sahetoay o fa’edetay kala’oraday a romi’ad. Patinako ham Mompasa, Lamolincen ato Malinti a lilisay no riyar a niyaro’, masafalifalic to cecay a romi’ad to fa’edetay ato sa’emeray.[16]

Tayra to i kemod no Kenya,mangalefay ko ka’icang a makedal ko romi’ad. Itini i kakedalan awaay ko mamamang a ‘orad, o fa’edet matongalay ko kasasiroma to romi’ad ato dadaya,tahiraay to 20°C ko kafalic.[14] [15] [16] o tongroh no riyar ko misiwaray tona fa’edet, i taka’raway tongroh no riyar malowanay ko fa’edet.[14][15][16]

Tata’angany ko kasasirom no faci no sera no Kenya,mingataay to Indo-Riyar, mahaop ko sina’sina’an a Mangoropo i sakawalian-Afrika, ira heca ko kakahaday a dafdaf ato taporo.

Mahatosa mapecih no Tata’angay-Ta'eman (東非大裂谷;Great Rift Valley) no Sakawalian-Afrika ko Kenya o sifo’ay-Kenya ato sa’etipay-Kenya, mahifalat ato Sifo’ay-Konis no cikiw, sacingangan to “Ciwcika no Sakawalian-Afrika”.

O sa’akawanay a tokos o Kenya-tokos, ato itiraay i laed no Kenya ato Wukanta a Ayerkong-tokos. O itiraay i saka’etipan-Kenya a Kakami-Kilakilangan o naikoran no ‘ora’oradan-kilang no Saka’etipan-Afrika. Ikakaay ko katata’ang no Mao-kilakilangan pasasotili’en ato Kakami-Kilakilangan, onini i,o iakakaay i Saka’etipan-Arika a macacamoray a kilakilangan. o ikakaay ko ka’akawang a lotok itini i Afrika a Cilimancaro-Tokos ( 吉力馬札羅山; Swahli a aowal:Kilimanjaro) itiniay i Kenya.

Saka’orip(經濟)

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Itira i 1994 miheca tahira i 1996 miheca,o polong a nili’etan no kitakit a lalen ikakakaay no 4%.[17] satapang i 1997 miheca, pacarcar ho ko kacemohad no kalotayal; 2003 miheca ‘edengan 1.4%, tahira to i 2004 miheca macakat to 2.3%, i 2005 ato 2006 mihecaan mingataay i 6% ko karongal. O saka’orip no Kenya ono kitakit a katatalan ko sakakkaay, midemak to paitekeday faloco’ a paliwal to dafong. O mihamhamay to lafang a tayal tata’angay ko tatinakoan i polong a saka’orip, mingataay to 60% o mihamhamay-tayal a GDP.

Patiyamay-Etal no Nairopi

O liomahan ira ko kacemahadan ira ko kakedi’an, nawhani, o ‘orad ko pi’arawan, cecay no kalisepat ko ‘etan no liomah. Oroma sato i, talacowa o cemahaday ko misanga’ay tayal no Kenya i Saka’etipan-Afrika, o ‘etan no misanga’ay to dafong ‘edengan 14% no GDP. I 2006 miheca, o polong nili’etanan no Kenya kitakit ira ko 173.9 ’ok ko Amirika-Payso, o lalen no cecay tamdaw nipili’etanan ira ko 450 Amirika-Payso.2014 miheca o polong nili’etanan no Kenya kitakit ira ko 609,37 ’ok ko Amirika-Payso.[18]

O nipasadakan a dafong no Kenya o sakakaay o potal-sapanasensen ato ociya, oninian a ‘etan i 2005 miheca ira ko 11.5’ok Amirika-Payso. 2011 mihecaan a nipaliwalan i roma a kitakit o ta’elifay ko Slilanka, malasakakaay nipaliwalay to ociya a kitakit i hekal, o sakakakaay pipaliwalan itiraay i Afrika, do’edo sa i, o Yoropa, o sakakakay pipaliwaln o Ikiris,Tansangniya, Wukanta ato Holan, o sakakaay pi’acaan to dafong nani tiraay i Congko, Indo, Arapiya-Lekatepay kitakit, Sawuti-Arapiya ato Katimolay-Afrika kitakit. O nipa’acaan i Amirika o riko’.[19] o malakapotay mali’aca ato Wukanta(pasadakan 12,3%,mi’acaan 15,6%) ato Roanta(pasadakan 30,5%, mi’acaan 17,3%).[20][21]

O ociya ko cecay no sakakaay sapili’etan to payso no roma a kitakit. nikawrira, masiwar no kafalic no kakarayan no hekal, malowanany ko pipalomaan to ociya a sera, masiwar ko saka’orip no pinapina ’ofad a tamdaw.[22]

O syoto Nairopi no Kenya o kahiceraan no pakipaysoay-demak. Tahira i kaleponan no 2009 miheca, o i kinkoay a payso ira ko 40 ’ok Amirika-Payso, o kiyam ira ko 8603 Kenya payso(Kensinlin), onini i,o halafinay a pikiyam, ilaloma’ nonini o kiyam i roma a kitakit ira ko 4297 Kensinlin. Mahaop ko 21% no GDP. Tahira i 2008 miheca, ira ko 42 kinko, cecay ko cowa ko kinko a pakipaysoay-kowan, tosa ko pilikiyaman kaysya, tosa ko lekatep no loma’ ato 95 pifalican to payso no roma a kitakit, iloma’ nonini sepat ko tata’angay kinko, tinako Pakolay-Kinko, Cata-Kinko, Kenya Patiyamay-Kinko ato Kenya Finawlan-Kinko, o nitayalan mahaop ko 60% no kinko no Kenya.[23]

Mama ato wina o Kenya a tamdaw

I 2009 mihecaan a sa’osi ira ko 3861 ’ofad ko tamdaw no Kenya;[24] 2014 mihecaan matongal tangasa i 45000 ’ofad ko tamdaw,[25] tosilen ira ko 42 ko kasasiroma a finacadan o sakakaay o Cikuyu-finacadan ko sakakay(mahaop ko 18%), do’edo sa o Rosiya-finacadan(14%), Rowo-finacadan(13%), Kalonkin-tamdaw(12%), Kanpa-finacadan(11%) Somaliya-tamdaw(10%) ato Miro-finacadan(6%). O roma sato i, ira ho ko mamangay finacadan o Inpa-tamdaw, Arapiya-tamdaw ato Yoropa-tamdaw, ano polongen mahaop ko 1%.[1]Nanoto’asan a pinangan o mihayiay to Ka’alomanay-Ramod, tahira to i 2014 miheca nga’ masanga’ ko Romad-Rikec, malaheci ko Cecay Fainayan ’Aloman ko Fafahi Ramod-Faco sanay a rikec.[26]

O cinganganay i hekal a tamdaw no Kenya ci Ciyawmo-Kenyata o mama no kitakit, ’ayaway congtong ci Tannier-Alapo-Moyi, ’ayaway congtong ci Mowati-Cipici, 2004 miheca milayapay to Nopier Rihadayay-Hofi ci Wangkali-Matayi, ’ayaway congli ci Layila-Awtinka, o cinganganay a mikinkiway to kicay a mama ci Palako-Awpama. Iloma’an nonini ci mama Palako-Awpama mala saka 44 riyad congtong no Amirika ko wawa ningra ci Palako-Awpama.

Maramramay to Swahili-Punka, Sawalian-Punka, Selilangka-Punka ato Indo-Punka ko punka no Kenya. O iriniay a 42 finacadan mangangodoay roma finacadan a punka ato pinangan no ‘oripa, tahanini ma’osaway ho kono litengan kararamod, pitadem ato macakat malakapah.[27]

Itini i Kenya ira ko ’enem rocokan no hekalay, sakilac o Kitakitan Toerkana-fanaw Pisalamaan(801), Kitakitan-Pisalamaan no Kenya,(800 ) ato Rayray no Fanaw i Sakawalian-Afrika Tata’angay-Ta’eman(1060) kona tolo Kinaira no Pala a Rocokan.ira ho ko roma o Lamo Katelangay-Niyaro(1055),Micikenta-Fangcalay Kilang(1231), Monpasa Yieso-Niyaro’ ona tolo a Punka-Rocokan i Hekal.

Ono sifo a sowal o Ikiris ato Swahili Sowal.[28] o sowal no Swahili ono Panto-Finacadan a sowal ko nini, ato Arapiya-sowal ato Hawsa-sowla o skakaay a sowal itini i Afrika.[29] itini i Swahili-sowal adihayay ko nicaliwan nani Arapiya.[30] o ngangan to “Swahili” sanay i,o nani Arapiya a sowal to سواحيل‎(Sawahil)o “mingataay to riyar a sera” sanay ko imi nonini.[31]o tayniay a palafangay to romi’ami’ad o matengilay a sowal “kadepo” i,o mihamhamay sanay ko imi a Swahili-sowal.[32]

Pacefaday a tilid(註腳)

[mikawit | o yin-se-ma no pisinanot]
  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Central Intelligence Agency. Kenya. The World Factbook. 2012 [2013-05-28]. (原始內容存檔於2018-02-13).
  2. 肯尼亚人口. [2016-10-13]. (原始內容存檔於2021-01-20).
  3. 肯尼亚人口概况. [2016-10-13]. (原始內容存檔於2016-10-14).
  4. 4.0 4.1 肯尼亚国家概况. 中華人民共和國駐肯亞共和國大使館. 2011年3月 [2016-10-04]. (原始內容存檔於2021-02-08).
  5. 肯尼亚财政部公布2015年GDP增长5.6%,预计2016年增速可达6%. [2016-10-13]. (原始內容存檔於2019-05-02).
  6. 周幸叡. 站在赤道吶喊「Jambo!」─肯亞中部遊記. 自由時報. 2015-09-21 [2016-10-24]. (原始內容存檔於2019-06-26).
  7. Glynn Llywelyn Isaac, Barbara Isaac. Olorgesailie: archeological studies of a Middle Pleistocene lake basin in Kenya. University of Chicago Press. 1977: xiii [2016-10-12]. (原始內容存檔於2021-02-08).
  8. Ali, Shanti Sadiq. The African Dispersal in the Deccan. Orient Blackswan. 1996. ISBN 978-81-250-0485-1.
  9. Blakeley, Ruth. State Terrorism and Neoliberalism: The North in the South. Routledge. 2009-04-03. ISBN 978-1-134-04246-3.
  10. Kanogo (1992), pp. 23–5.
  11. News.xinhuanet.com. [2016-10-05]. (原始內容存檔於2014-12-01).
  12. 关于肯尼亚-历史. 肯亞旅遊局. [2016-10-04]. (原始內容存檔於2016-10-05).
  13. 非洲之角日益恶化的干旱使2000万人处于危险之中. 聯合國新聞. 2022-04-19 [2022-05-06]. (原始內容存檔於2022-05-03) (中文(簡體)).
  14. 14.0 14.1 14.2 "NairobiDagoretti, Kenya: Climate, Global Warming, and Daylight Charts and Data", Climate-Charts.com, 2008, web: CC741 (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館): 比較奈洛比/Dagoretti和基塔萊/蒙巴薩的資料
  15. 15.0 15.1 15.2 "Kitale, Kenya: Climate, Global Warming, and Daylight Charts and Data", Climate-Charts.com, 2008, web: CC661 (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館).
  16. 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 "Mombasa, Kenya: Climate, Global Warming, and Daylight Charts and Data", Climate-Charts.com, 2008, web: CC820 (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館): May precipitation was reset as "246" mm, converting 9.7 in.
  17. David Bigman. Globalization and the Developing Countries: Emerging Strategies for Rural Development and Poverty Alleviation. CABI. 2002: 136. ISBN 978-0-85199-575-5.
  18. 肯尼亚GDP数据及经济发展状况2015-2016年. [2016-10-13]. (原始內容存檔於2021-02-08).
  19. enya country profile (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館). Library of Congress Federal Research Division (June 2007). This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  20. Uganda country profile (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館), CIA World Factbook
  21. Rwanda country profile (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館), CIA World Factbook
  22. 肯尼亚:气候变化影响茶叶种植. RFI - 法國國際廣播電台. 2022-04-30 [2022-05-06]. (原始內容存檔於2022-06-02) (中文(簡體)).
  23. 肯尼亚财政金融. [2016-10-13]. (原始內容存檔於2021-01-20).
  24. . www.knbs.or.ke.
  25. Country Comparison :: Population (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館). The World Factbook.
  26. Muhumed, Malkhadir. 2014."Polygamy bill allows Kenyan men many wives (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館)". Aljazeera. Retrieved 13 April 2014
  27. 肯尼亚:保护文化遗产 彰显国家尊严. [2016-10-15]. (原始內容存檔於2016-10-19).
  28. Constitution (2009) Art. 7 [National, official and other languages] "(1) The national language of the Republic is Kiswahili. (2) The official languages of the Republic are Kiswahili and English. (3) The State shall–-–- (a) promote and protect the diversity of language of the people of Kenya; and (b) promote the development and use of indigenous languages, Kenyan Sign language, Braille and other communication formats and technologies accessible to persons with disabilities."
  29. 韓基韜. 斯瓦希里语成为肯尼亚官方语言. 國際在線. 2010-08-31 [2013-12-12]. (原始內容存檔於2016-10-19).
  30. [永久失效連結]
  31. “这是阿拉伯语”——源于阿拉伯语的英文词汇. 杜拜人. 2013-03-23 [2013-12-12]. (原始內容存檔於2015-03-20)
  32. 关于肯尼亚 文化. 肯亞旅遊局. 肯亞旅遊局中國代表處. [2016-10-13]. (原始內容存檔於2016-10-13).

Pikafitan i papotal(外部連結)

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CIA