Kan Wilien

Kan Wilien (甘為霖)

Kan Wilien (Inkiris: William Campbell, 1841 miheca 4 folad 11 romi’ad—1921 miheca 9 folad 7 romi’ad) tada ngangan ci Wilien Kanpiel, masofoc i Glasgow no Scotland, o ciwlo kiwkay a foksi ato sinkiwsi, i 19 sician itiniay katimolay i Taywan a sinkiwsi, i 1841 miheca 10 folad itira i Taynan patireng to sa’ayaway mapohaway pitilidan, nanoya masowal o misitapangay to pitilidan no mapohaway a kiwiko.

Kaitini ningra i Taywan nai 1871 miheca tangasa 1917 mihecaan, polong ira ko 46 mihecaan. Nawhani o nikatadamaan ningra, mapakompay sifo no Dipong a manikaray sarina[2] ato Reypawcang [3], ato o Knox sinkakoyin a patamohengan hakasi.

Rayray no ’orip (生平)

I 1841 miheca 4 folad, ci Kan Wilien (William Campbell) misawad i Inkiris a Glasgow, Scotland. I pitilidan ho ningra i Glasgow daykako i, cifaloco’ ito to pakayniay to noKawasan, orasaka misawad cingra to daykako i, itira i Scotland Pakoniraay kiwkay a sinkakoyin silsilan a Glasgow pitilidan (Free Church College, Glasgow) mitilid to 4 miheca to noKawasan pinanam. I 1871 miheca 7 folad 19 romi’ad, ci Kan Wilien (William Campbell) itira i nikeridan ni Tafisen foksi (Rev. Dr. Thain Davidson) a Islinton (Islington) kiwkay i, no London ciwkay mapatireng to sa’ayaway roma kitakit a sinkiwsi[1].

Sa’ayaway kaitini Taywan a tinto (首次在台宣教)

I 1871 miheca 12 folad 20 romi’ad – 1878 miheca 11 folad 25 romi’ad, sa’ayaway ningra itini Taywan misintin, itiya o Mancin ko mikowanay to Taywan.

I Taywanfosya (台灣府城)

Ci Kan Wilien (William Campbell) nai ci To Katir (Carstairs Douglas) minanam to itiraay niyaro’ a sowal, i 1871 miheca 9 folad 7 romi’ad, nai Liverpool midakaw to tamina a lomowad, o tatayra i Taywanfo (Sincu) misintin. 10 folad tangasa i Hongkong, misaroma to mimingay tamina tayra i Xiamen, ta miliyaw to roma tamina tayra i Takao (itiya nai Xiamen tangasa i Takao awaayho ko kikay a tamina). 12 folad 10 romi’ad, tangasa cingra i Takao, saka tosa romi’ad, nano Inkiris a hongtian sofitay “Curuhaw” (H.M.S Dwarf) padama ni Buck Kyaputen, padakaw misera ci Kan Wilien (William Campbell) tayra i Taywanfo (Taynan) [2], itira i Anpin minato talasekal. Itiya pinapina folad miliyas ci Ma Yakop (James Laidlaw Maxwell) to Taywan, dengan to ci Te Matay (Dr. Matthew Dickson) sinkiwsi cecay ko itiraay i Taywanfo niyaro’.

No timolan sa’etal (南部教區)

I 1872 miheca 3 folad, ci Kan Wilien (William Campbell) miteka i Takao sa’etal sa’ayaway a pisintin: Taywanfo→Takao (matatala ci Li siw foksi)→Tongkang→Tikahka (Linpin)→Takao. Patiko i takao, itiraay i Syamen sinkiwsi ci Ye Hanzhang foksi no (Amilika Reformed Church) miliso’. Ci Ye Hanzhang mikihatiya to saka tosa pisintin: Takao→Pitaw→Alikang→Pakca (Nimen no Takao) →Kanana (Kopin no Takao) →Pakca→Pama (Cucen no Taynan) →Kongana (Kongcelin no Taynan) →Taywanfo. I pisintinan, ira ko so’elinay kafana’an no tamdaw, ta milayap to pipaino’, nawhani “Paino’ caay ko sakaci’orip, aca. Pipaino’ o pipawacay to pido’edo i Cingraan, pasodsod sa ko kafana’. Mipaso’elin to Tapang, o pitadi’ec to Tapang ko sakaci’orip.

Sasifo’an niyaro’ sa’etal (中部教區)

I 1872 miheca 10 folad 14 romi’ad, ci Kan Wilien (William Campbell) ici Te Matay ising (Dr. Matthew Dickson) ato Toasya, Laymen a mitooray ko patihiay, sarakatay tayra i sifo’ay niyaro’ i lotokay kiwkay ko pisintin, pakayra i Toasya (Kong Toasya)→Naysya (Liyutan no Miwli)→Poli dafdaf (Poli noNantu) a Wuniwlan (Ailan no Poli), Niwminsan (Niwmin no Poli), Tanan (Tanan no Poli). Talacowa itira i Poli a dafdaf ira ko salongan 6000 ko tamdaw no Tangafolan finacadan, nika malopisak to 33 a niyaroaro’, mililis alatek mangayaw no yincumin, katalawan to.

Masakapot cangra i Niwton lotok miraod to Posya sangasaw a finacadan (Sediq finacadan). Toya miheca 3 folad ’ayaway tintosi, nai ci Li siw foksi, Te Matay (Dr. Matthew Dickson), Makay (Rev. George Leslie Mackay) malahakelong miliso’. Patiko nai Wuniwlan→Toasya→Ciayi→Paysuysi(Payho no Taynan)→Fancetin (Longtin no Taynan)→Cipi san (Tongsan no Taynan), maherek patireng ko Cipi san to kiwkay ta patiko tayra i Taynanfo niyaro’.

Ka’amisay pitintoan sa’etal (北部教區)

I 1873 miheca 3 folad itiya, ci Kan Wilien (William Campbell) midakaw to kopang a tamina Tafeni (Daphne) haw no Norway nai Anpin minato, pasayra mitaliyok i katimolay sangoso’ (Eluabi) no Taywan, mililis to sekal no kawali a macakat, tangasa i Tansuy miliso’ ci Makayan. Mililiw cingra to Wukokeng kiwkay, Mangka kiwkay, nanoya mihakelong ci Makayan romakat pasitimol, nai Tansuy→Congli→Cucan (Sincu)→Sinkang, itiya padoedo sato ci Kan Wilien (William Campbell) pasitimol ko rakat, misolap cingra to Laysya, Tuasya, Poli kasakiwkay, ta tayra cingra i Cuysyaho (Reyitan), miliso’ to Cuyfan sisya (Cuysya, Walan, Pakko, Tawsya), itiya nai nisolapan timolay kiwkay minokay tayra i Taynanfosya, toyanan a rakat mipatireng ho to Ciai kiwkay.

I 1873 mihecaan no kafarawfawan, ci Kan Wilien (William Campbell) nai Takao no Inkiris kitakit a citodongay ci Polek (Mr. T.L.Bullock) ato Amilika kitakit Michigan daykako Miwsien (Museum) hakasi ci Setire (J.B. Steere) patihiay, saki natolo a tayra i Posya (Poli) misolap to kiwkay, miliyaw miliso’ to Cuysyaho (Reyitan), ta misolap to kawaliay no Posya a niyaro’ no yincumin.

Itiya o kalali’acaan a demak, o Tangafolan ato yincumin malaliyang ma’a’odot, oraan ko pilalang no yibcumin ci Kan Wilien (William Campbell) a miliyaw miliso’ cangraan, liyoken no 60 tamdaw no yincumin cangra, mangatangata to cimapatayay, manga’ay aca ira ci Setire (J.B. Steere) hakasiko pakaliyasay to katalawan nangra. Pakayni to nia demak, ci Kan Wilien (William Campbell) padoedo to kinapinapina miliso’ to tanokay a kiwkay.

Picuyki kiwkay (白水溪教會)

Ci Kan Wilien (William Campbell) ’ayaw tayra cingra i satimolan no Ciai a Picuyki ( laloma’ no Payho) patireng to kiwkay, i 1875 miheca 1 folad 28 romi’ad a Picuyki lalood, tona miliso’ ci Kan Wilien (William Campbell) to Picuyki kiwkay i, no Payho patiyamay sacomod Tawlak tosi ci Wu Zhigao tamdaw, nawhani oya mitooray salikaka patireng to kiwkay i Picuyki, wata ko inget ningra, mikilim to ’alomanay tamdaw tayra a mirawraw; toya lafii, ci Wu Zhigao ato mamo’etepay tamdaw miloh to kiwkay ato sikusya, mamipatay ci Kan Wilien (William Campbell).

Itiya i katalawan, ci Kan Wilien (William Campbell) mataneng ko demak ningra mipopot to kafafang pasi sasingaran mifahekol pasipapotal, miliyoc to pinengneng no mari’angay, oraan ko sapilaliw tayra i lotok milimek, mafadoc aca a caay ka kari’ang ko tireng (itira i Picuyki kiwkay mapatireng ko piharatengan). Saka tosa romi’ad patayraen ningra i Tayrin, nika o pidemak no citodongay asimaanay saan, nanoya oya kiwkay malinah sato tayra i Yincien masa’opo[3]

Todohan no tamdaw ko kiwkay, ikor o Taynan hosya ko panokeran, micowat misintin patenak ko tayal. Tangasa i 1878 miheca 9 folad 3 romi’ad, ci Kan Wilien tayra cingra i Ciai miliso’ to citodongay no kowan, pakayni tiya 1875 miheca itira i Yincien midemak to Picuyki kalaloodan a demak, Wenwang mipatayay, mitodohay to Cipisua kiwkay ato romaroma nifadesan a mitooray salikaka a pisaheci, ci Kan Wilien miahowid to citodongay no sakowan.

I 1878 miheca 3 folad, Amilika tamina “Kilakilang kateli’ay fafahiyan (Forest Belle) haw minikiway to hoking payso ato Mancin citodongay ta’angay sapatefoc, itira i satimolan no Hencun faniyot mateneng, sacisowal sa malipalaw macefis no Paiwan tamdaw ko dafong, pasicitodongay sakowan ko piepec. Nika tatami sa ko pita’elif ni Kan Wilien foksi itiya, o cingra to ko mihosyoay misalof tonini a mangahay demak, marepet ko sinciw no Amilika a marofo itiya.

I 1878 miheca 10 foladan, ci Kan Wilien foksi masakapot to papina a tamdaw pasi’amis nai Laysya, ikor no 4 romi’ad i, tangasa i Tansui, aci Makay miliso’ to ka’amisay a kasa kiwkay.

I 1878 miheca 11 folad 25 romi’ad, ci Kan Wilien foksi pahanhan to kina cecay minokay i Inkiris.

Saka 2 i Taywan mitinto (第二次在台宣教)

I 1880 miheca 12 folad 20 romi’ad – 1887 miheca 1 folad 31 romi’ad, saka 2 ningra i Taywan misintin.

I 1880 miheca 12 folad 20 romi’ad, ci Kan Wilien (William Campbell) aci fa’elohay sinkiwsi ci To wilien (Rev. William THow, M.A.) fokesi tahini i Taywan, tangasa i Taywanfo.

I 1881 miheca 1 folad 1 romi’ad, ci Kan Wilien (William Campbell) tayra i Tansui, ci Makay ko patihiay miliso’ to ka’amisay kasa kiwkay.

I 1885 miheca 9 folad 25 romi’ad, ci Kan Wilien (William Campbell) itira i Kotawan patireng to kiwkay.

I 1886 miheca 5 folad 31 romi’ad, ci Kan Wilien (William Campbell) aci Gao zhang (高長) tayra i Penghu misintin. Saka 7 folad, ci Kan Wilien (William Campbell) nai Tansui minokay tayra i Tuasya. Minokay cingra tayni i Taywan i, mipasifana’ to itiraay i Penghu a pisintin a demak, micoker makerih ko salikaka to saki kanatal a pisintin a tayal, i tenokay Pacay finacadan Toasya kiwkay mikihatiya makerih, ikor sato malowad ko kiwkay i Penghu.

I 1886 miheca, ci Kan Wilien (William Campbell) itira i Toasya kiwkay salikaka a picokeran, itira i Canghua Simen patireng to kiwkay.

Saka 3 i Taywan a pisintin (第三次在台宣教)

I 1887 miheca 1 folad 31 romi’ad – 1895 miheca 3 folad 4 romi’ad, saki na 3 ningra i Taywan a pisintin.

Ci Kan Wilien (William Campbell) ko pisa’osi to mapohaway tamdawitini Taywan salongan ira ko rafas no 17,000 ko tamdaw, onini a mapohaway amdaw saheto o miki’a’amay ato misa’osiay to ’orip no tamdaw ko saka’orip nangra, ira ho ko pakatayalan. Manengneng ningra ko mapohaway tamdaw i Taywan a kafades, mitelek cingra to sapadamaaw mifalic toka’oripan nangra.

I 1887 miheca, ci Kan Wilien (William Campbell) i pinokay ningra tayra i Inkiris kitakit, pasi Glasgow ko paratoh ningra to pipadahof to 500 GBP a payso, nanoya mirina’ to no mapohaway mapocokay a tilid. I 1889 miheca patiko cingra tayni i Taywan, miteka cingra misahalaka patireng to no mapohaway a pitilidan a demak. I 1891 miheca 10 folad, micaliw cingra i Taynanhosya a Honhkongsi, 5 miheca ko liyad, miteka to nisahalakaan patireng to no mapohaway pitilidan a demak. 1897 miheca 3 folad, maraod to ko picaliw to Honhkongsi a romi’ad, paterep ko pitilid no kapah a mapohaway.

kaDipongan (日治時期)

Ci Kan Wilien (William Campbell) kinapinapina cingra malalicay to Dipong a sifo patireng to mikowanay a pitilidan no map[ohaway, ci Kodama Gentaro citodongay mitefad to celing i Taynan cehuyin micada to pitilidan no mapohaway, mitahidang ci Akiyama Hengzo sa’ayaway kakeridan no pitilidan.

I 1897 miheca, mirina’ to tilid ci Kan Wilien (William Campbell) (Mapohaway no Congko).

I 1898 miheca 2 folad 19 romi’ad, ci Kan Wilien (William Campbell) malacitodongay kakeridan no Canglong congsi.

Pisawadan (退休)

I 1917 miheca 2 folad, patiko to minokay tayra i Inkiris ci Kan Wilien (William Campbell).

I 1921 miheca 9 folad 7 romi’ad mapatay i Bournemouth ci Kan Wilien (William Campbell), 80 ko mihecaan ningra i hekal.

Ikoray to a demak (身後)

O fafahi ni Kan Wilien (William Campbell) ci Janet Hervey Alston itiya i 1932 mihecaan mapatay, malatihi ci Kan Wilien (William Campbell) i ko fafahi i Wimborne Road i pitademan[4].

Pinengnengan tilid. (參考資料)

1.甘為霖: 素描福爾摩沙-甘為霖台灣筆記 (前衛出版,2009).

2.賴永祥: 教會史話 538 - 英艦侏儒號的訪台

3.白水溪教會簡史，台灣基督長老教會官方網站. [2016-06-04]. （原始內容存檔於2019-05-20）.

4.邱大昕 (2019年10月14日)〈我自己要見祂--甘為霖牧師生平考略〉，《臺灣教會公報》3529期21版

5.打造一座原住民族文獻館──「原住民族文獻現況」座談會 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）, 行政院原住民委員會原住民族文獻會電子期刊 , 2012年2月一期

6.1864年至1945年英國長老教會駐臺宣教師名單 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）

Campbell, William. Sketches from Formosa. London: Marshall Brothers. 1913.

7.Chang, Teresa. Taiwan's Medical Pioneers. Tzu Chi. [2008-08-11]. （原始內容存檔於2008-10-10）.

8.Covell, Ralph. Pentecost of the Hills in Taiwan. 1997. ISBN 9780932727909.

9.Otness, Harold M. One Thousand Westerners in Taiwan, to 1945: A Biographical and Bibliographical 10.Dictionary. Academica Sinica. 1999. ISBN 957-671-618-7.