Guinea
Kiniya（幾內亞）Kiniya Kapolongan-Kitakit(Fransu a sowal:République de Guinée)[mikawit | o yin-se-ma no pisinanot]
kalopangangan o Kiniya( Fransu a sowal : Guinée), o itiraay i Saka’etipay Afrika a kitakit, katimol no sakawalian o Pacekis no Co Salawacan Riyar, ikatimol misi’ayaw to Laypiroya, isaka’etipan malafiyaw ato Lokedawan-Lotok, ika’amis malafiyaw ato Kiniyapiso, Sayniciyar, isaka’amisan ato ka’amis no sakawalian madado’edo ato Mali.
O Nile-‘Alo, Sayniciyar-‘Alo ato Kanpiya-‘Alo itiniay i Kiniya ko kahadakan nona ‘alo. o Kiniya hananay i,o satimolan no Sahara-tafotafokan no Afrika, isaka’amisan no Kiniya-Kihaw a etal, o imi nona ngangan i,o nani sowal no Popor, o “fafahiyan a kitakit” ko tatodong nona sowal.
O sak’orip no Kiniya sahetoay o liomah ato dafong no tadafokeloh.[1] o sakatosa a rayray i hekal ko mikarkaran a adihay ko tayamonto ato tada’ekim a soped.[2] I 2014 miheca o kahiceraan no Ipora-Lifong]. Cifangafangay ho to salongoc no kalotamdaw. 2011 miheca, milekal ko sifo no Amirika, o pipenec ato pipades to fafahiyan ato ka’emangay(keriten ko poki no fafahiyan]) o mahapinangay a mico’ayay to salongoc no kalotamdaw.[3]
Rikisi(歷史)[mikawit | o yin-se-ma no pisinanot]
Ilaloma’ tona anininiay a Ciniya itiya ho adihay ko maro’ay a hontian-kitakit, macemahaday matekopay. 1235 miheca Santiyata-Kayta yo patireng to Mali Hontian-Kittakit mspstrkop ko Soso Hontian-Kitakit.Oya sa Mali Hontian-Kitakit malowid no nanika’amisay a micowatay a finacadan. 1501 miheca Mo’or Finacadan miccafi’ to aniniay a Ciniya.
Nani 1735 mihecaan tahira i 1898 mihecaan, Mo;or Finacadan patireng to mikirikecay a kitakit i sasifo’an no Ciniya. O Yoropa tamdaw nani saka 16 sici tahira i saka 19 sici mipaliwal to koli i lawac no riyar, nani 1850 miheca o Sakatosa Kapolongan Kitakit no Fransu satapang micowat to Ciniya, tahalitemoh to ci’icelay a mitokeray nani laloma’an no Ciniya.
Anini sato o i’ayaway o nipatirengan no Ciniya a Sakatolo Kapolongan Kitakit no Fransu a nicoeatan sakowan, o syoto tatapangan nitaro’ i 1890 miheca a mapatireng.
1958 miheca mihayi ko Kapolongan-Pitopa no Ciniya to dengan a nicowatan-kitakit to cowa ka pikapot to Fransu-Nipatekoan Saopo, misiiked nani Fransu,malasatapangan a congton no Ciniya Kaplongan-Kitakit ci Ayhamayto-Sayko-Toor.
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1965 miheca congtong ci Toor “ micaraay to laloma’an demak” saan a miketon to kalawidang ato Tatapangan a Kitakit o Fransu, tahira i 1975 miheca ta mapalolol ko kalawidang.
1970 miheca saka 11 folad, micacafi ko Potawya tamdaw to Ciniya, sapidama’aw to milaliway tayra i papotal a sifo patireng to fa’elohay a sifo nikawrira, malakisaw kona demak.
1978 miheca saka 12 folad, falicen ko ngangan no kitakit to “Ciniya Milololay-Finawlan a Kapolongan Kitaki”.tahira I 1984 miheca saka 4 folad, patatikolen to “Ciniya Kapolongan Kitakit” ko ngangan no kitakit.
1984 miheca saka 3 folad saka 26 romi’ad mapatay ci Toor,ci Lansana-Kontay ira ko picoker no Sofitay-Saopo ta macakat malacongton patireng to Sakatosa Kapolongan-Kitaki.
1990 miheca malalood ko fiyaw Laypiroya ato Lakedawan-Tokos Kitakit, ‘aloman ko maforaway tayni i Ciniya. O roma i, malafasay ko 70 ‘ofad ko tamdaw, tahira to i 2004 miheca ira ho ko 15 ‘ofad ko maforaway a tamdaw itini i Ciniya.
I 1993 miheca saka 12 folad saka 19 romi’ad midemak ko Ciniya to sa’ayaway a pisinkiw no kalotamdaw,oya kakeridan no sofitay ci Lansana-Kontay tona cifangafangay a pisinkiw maala malacongtong, to cila a mihecaan patireng to Sakatolo-Kapolongan Kitakit,makeroray ko kakatalawan a romi’ad, nikawrira, cowa ka lasawad ko fodfod. 1996 miheca saka 2 folad,ira ko sakacecay pilolol no sofitay, nikawria cowa ka laheci. 1998 miheca saka 12 folad saka 18 romi’ad ci Lansana-Kontay pakaala to 54% a satopa no sinkiw, o mitokeray a Kasafelaw-Sieci ira ko pipakokot tona sinkiw, ca ka halafin mapalit ko kakeridan no mitokeray Kasafelaw-Sieci.
Nani 2000 miheca saka 9 folad tahira i 2001 miheca saka 3 folad, malaheci ko pitaker to sapicowataw no mifelihay sofitay no Laypiroya ato Lakedawan-Tokos Kitakit.
2001 miheca saka 11 folad masolinga’ koya sakacecay a fodfod no Kapolongan-Pitopa a mifalic to Tatapangan-Rikec no kitakit, sakanga’ayaw ni Lansana-Kontay a pararid a malacongton i 2003 miheca. 2007 miheca saka2 folad saka 9 romi’ad, toro’en ni Lansana-Kontay ci Wolin-Kamala malaconli no sifo, matoker no Matayalay-Saopo ; i saka2 folad saka 26 romi’ad falicen ni Kontay a mitoro’ ci Lansana-Koyato malacongli.
2008 miheca saka 12 folad saka 23 romi’ad,milekal ko Ciniya sifo, o congtong no Ciniya ci Lansana-Kontay mapatayay i syoto-Konakoli pipaisingan i saka 22 romi’ad sanany, 74 ko mihecaan.ira ko lihaf o sofitay no Ciniya tangsolay misapifelihaw tosifo mapalasawad ko sifo ato lomaocan no kitakit sanay. Toya romi’ad, irako cecay a tamdaw ci Musa-Kamala kakaeridan no cefang no sofitay, mipakimad i palosiyangan no kitakit, tangsol to a misawad ko demak no sieci ato matayal, patokeled han o sofitay ato kalotamdaw a saopo ko masasowal to pacarcaray a mikowan to kitakit sanay.8
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2010 miheca tahira i 2020 miheca kinatolo a pararid malacongtong ci Arfa-Kontay(Alpha Conde).2021 miheca saka 9 folad saka5 romi’ad, ira ko pifelih no sofitay to sifo, mapalit ci Arfa-Kontay
Kaitiraan (地理)[mikawit | o yin-se-ma no pisinanot]
kalopangangan o Kiniya( Fransu a sowal : Guinée), o itiraay i saka’etipan no Afrika a kitakit, katimol no sakawalian o Pacekis no Co Salawacan Riyar, ikatimol misi’ayaw to Laypiroyya, isaka’etipan malafiyaw ato Lokedawan-Lotok, ika’amis malafiyaw ato Kiniyapiso, Sayniciyar, isaka’amisan ato ka’amis no sakawalian madado’edo ato Mali.
O Nile-‘Alo, Sayniciyar-‘Alo ato Kanpiya-‘Alo itiniay i Kiniya ko kahadakan nona ‘alo. o Kiniya hananay i,o satimolan no Sahara-tafotafokan no Afrika, isaka’amisan no Kiniya-Kihaw a etal, o imi nona ngangan i,o nani sowal no Popor, o “fafahiyan a kitakit” ko tatodong nona sowal.o kakaya’ no lawac no riyar ira ko 352 km,kakahad no sera ira ko 24.6 km² ko 'ofad, tadamasasifeday ko faco no pala, makalisepat ko kasasiroma no pala:, o
Isaka’etipan[mikawit | o yin-se-ma no pisinanot]
(o Kiniya anoca o lilis no riyar no Kiniya), 36,133 km², o lihecoay a to’edaw a dafdaf i lawac no riyar. Ma’edefay ko mahedotay a pala, mado’etay ko kakarayan, ira ko 6~8 ko folad o kafodo’an i polong no mihecaan,o ‘orad ira ko 5000mm. ona pala i, o sakakay a kaliomahan, tadakakahad ko kitiraan no monkoropo(紅樹林; Ikiris a sowal:Mangrove).
Isasifo’an[mikawit | o yin-se-ma no pisinanot]
(isifo’ay Kiniya), o lalen no ka’akawang ira ko 900 laya’ a Fotaciyalon-Taporo, itiniay ko kasadakan no toloay a sakakaay ‘alo: o Nile-‘Alo, Sayniciyar-‘Alo ato Kanpiya-‘Alo, orasaka pangangan han to “Tangko no Nanom”.
Isaka’amis no sakwalian[mikawit | o yin-se-ma no pisinanot]
(fafa’eday Kiniya), ira ko 97000 km² ko kakahad no sera, nani tongroh no riyar lalen ira ko 300 laya’ a taporo sahetoay o masadafdafay a pala, adihay ko ‘akawanay a kilang. O cinganganay itini i hekal o makarkaray a tada’ekim itini. O sakakaay a saka’orip o paka’enay to kolong ato sira.
Ikatimol no sakawalian[mikawit | o yin-se-ma no pisinanot]
(Okilakilangan Kiniya),o taporo no Kiniya, o kakahad ira ko 49374 km², nani tongroh no riyar ira ko 500~600 laya’, ira ko kakahaday a oyanan ho kilakilangan , ira itini ko nani tongoh no riyar 1752 laya’ a Linpa-Lotok, o poco’ nona etal.
I lawacay no riya a Kiniya o fa’edetay kalafalian kakarayan, i laloma’an no karopaw o Fa’edetay-Rengorengosan a kakarayan. O ‘orad i laloma’am a pala ira ko 1000~1500mm, ilawaca no riyar ira ko4000 mm.
Tamdaw(人口)[mikawit | o yin-se-ma no pisinanot]
I Kiniya kitakit ira ko safaw to 20 ko kasasiromarom a finacadan, ilaloma’ nonini o sakakaay tolo ko finacadan, Fulani-tamdaw(Fulani)mahaop ko 40% ikaka; Malinkay-tamdaw(Malinke,o kalinka hananay ho a pangangan) cisafaw ko 30% ko mahaopay, doe’do sa i,o Soso-tamdaw(Soussou) mahaop ko 16%.
O sakakaay a pitooran itini I Kiniya o Sonni-Siiked no Islam Pitooran.o tamdaw no polong ira ko 87% o mitooray to Islam Pitooran, 5% o Tinsikiw, oroma omita’ongay to dafong a pitooran.
Ono sifoan a sowal o Frasu, nikawrira, adihay ko sowal no kasaniyaroaro’ o kalasowal to ro’miad.o mitooray to Islam a Muslin nano mamgangan mihatatanamay to to sowal no Arapiya, roma sa i,o somowalay to sowal no Arapiya a Lipanen-tamdaw maala nangra ko pecih a pi’etanan no kitakit,oninian ko katongal no katenek no sowal no Arapiya.
O katongal no tamdaw tomihecaan ira ko 2.75%(2018 mihecaan a sa’osi), o Kuwaping a tamdaw awaay ko malaheciay a sa’osi, latek ira ko 2 ‘ofad ko tamdaw, macekcekay i tatapangan a Konakoli niyaro’.
Saka’orip(經濟)[mikawit | o yin-se-ma no pisinanot]
Oni pasadakan no Linheko o sasafaay ko kacemahad a kitakit ko Kiniya,o sakakaay a saka’orip o liomah, tadafokeloh, o misanga’ay to dafong caay ho ko maamaan ko ‘icel.o kaka’enen sahetoay ni’acaan nani roma a kitakit. o ‘oteng-a sera(鋁土礦; Ikiris a sowal:Bauxite),kafi, koko ato komu ko sapaliwal a dafong, o tayal to sapicemahad to saka’orip a dafong tadaawaay ko ‘icel a palalinien ato Isaka’etipay-Afrika a kitakit.Citolasay ko dafong to papasadaken a paliwal, orasaka, manikaw ko ‘etan no kitakit, sahetoay a mi’acaan i roma a kitakit ko saka’orip dafong. O ni’acaan i roma a kitakit a dafong ira ko saparakat to maamaan a simal, o sapikarkar to tadafokeloh ato sapipatireng a dafong, o felac, amoto, cisapayioay-dafong, dingko-dafong.o sakakaay a nipaliwal a dafong o ’oteng-sera, tada’ekim,ciremremay to ’oteng a dafong(氧化鋁;Aluminium oxide). O nikarkaran a ’oteng serasahetoay nipaliwalan tayra i Congko.[4] o tatamanikaway a kitakit itini i hekal.
Pacefaday a tilid(註腳)[mikawit | o yin-se-ma no pisinanot]
- ↑ Guinea Conakry: Major Imports, Exports, Industries & Business Opportunities in Guinea Conakry, Africa. [2014-10-15]. （原始內容存檔於2010-11-05）.
- ↑ Guinea Conakry Support – Guinee Conakry Trade and Support. (GCTS). [2014-10-15]. （原始內容存檔於2015-01-05）.
- ↑ Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2011: Guinea. United States Department of State. 2012 [2012-08-27]. （原始內容存檔於2020-04-16）
- ↑ 中國大陸主要鋁土礦供應國幾內亞爆政變 特種部隊奪權. [2021-09-06]. （原始內容存檔於2021-10-19）.