Lolood i Kaliyawan

Lolood i Kaliyawan (加禮宛事件)

Lolood i Kaliyawan (kaliyawan sowal: Lanas na Kabalaen) ano eca Takofoan lalood han ko sowal (Sakizaya a sowal: Takubuwa a kawaw), o nano Kavalan (Kebalan) ato Sakizaya a lekapotan lalood to Mancin i 1878 mihecaan[2]. Pakayni tonini a demak o sakatadamaan no finacadan sa’etal Kalinko, maeminay matekop ko Kavalan ato Sakizaya i lekapotan lalood itiya, oya mafadocay a tamdaw tayra to i niyaro’ no ’Amis a milimek[1]. Oya midamaay to sofitay no Mancin a Cikasoan ngasaw o satata’angay to a niyaro’ i dafdaf Cilay (Kilay) itiya, tangasa to i laloodan no Cikasoan a malasawad[2].

’Ayaw laloodan no demak (戰前形勢)

Naikoran no lalood no Motan sangasaw, kafana’en to no Macin ko pasawali “Ausoa/Husan” “aniniay Kalinko, Posong) a katadamaanan[2]: 50. O sapikidakidaw to Ausoa satena’, saka maocor ci Shen Baozhen kakeridan no Mancin to sapi “palalan” ato “pipahima to yincumin” latosaan paecasan[2]: 50 .

Sakidemak malitosa katimol, sasifo’an ko pakayraan a lalan, saka patireng to kasasilsil citodongay kakeridan, patodong to sofitay, lalekoan o citodongay cisakowan ko Mancin i Ausoa sanay[2]: 50 . Nanoya patireng to mipamatangay kofa, mitahidang to Payrang tayni i Ausoa mimatang[2]: 50. O pi“palalan pipahima to yincumin” a satao’ i malengat to ko sofal ka’oripan no yincumin, saka ira no piliyang no yincumin to Mancin.

Kaliyawan tamdaw (Kavalan finacadan) (加禮宛人（噶瑪蘭族）)

Kaliyawan (Kaliawan) Sakizaya ato Cikasoan ’Amis finacadan a polong no sowal to Kalinkoay Kavalan tamdaw a sowal[2]: 32 [1]. I 1840 mihecaan nai Kaliyawan minato (aniniay no Tongsan alo’ Lanyang cepo’) mafolaw tayni i Kaliyawan (aniniay Cili no Kalinko) [2]: 32, malafiyaw to katimolay nano Sakizaya finacadan tamdaw[3]: 31. Tona sapicomahadan to paniyaro’an pala pasayra i Milon alo’ ko Kaliyawan tamdaw i, mafahfah no Sakizaya finacadan.

Naka nawhani o sapisoraraw to picalap no Truku finacadan ko Kaliyawan, orasaka sasinga’ay sato kona tosaay a finacadan a malekapot ko ka’oripan, o nano malekapotay milood to Truku tamdaw i sa’etalan no lotok[3]: 32. Sakifinawlan tamdaw, nawhani sopsop sato tayni micoeco ko Payrang i Lanyang dafdaf, saka o ’alomanay Kavalan finawlan tamdaw mafolaw to tayni sa’amisan no Kalinko. Dotocen ko tilid no Mancin sifo, tangasa kacidemak no lalood ira to ko Kaliyawan, Cualin, Wunuan, Cicea, Tanabing, Yaoku enemay niyaro’ finawlan[3]: 32 [4].

Citodong mikerid ci Lo Tacun ko to nai’amisay itiya, kinapinapina ko Truku finacadan miliyang itiya[5]. Nanoya o Mancin mikerih to Kavalan (Kaliyawan) ato Sakizaya finacadan malekapot mitena’, halo kakitaan ko nisanga’ayan, nanoya manga’ay saan ko nengneng no Mancin to kakihar toni a tosaay finacadan[2]: 56 . Nengnengen nai tilid ko Kaliyawan finacadan ato Sakizaya finacadan o so’elinay doedo sanay caayay ka papina a finacadan[2]: 59 ; nika ikor to mitongal ho ko Mancin to sofitay tayni i Cilay, itiya to maliyang ko na tosaay finacadan to Mancin[2]: 59.

Sakizaya finacadan (撒奇萊雅族)

O aro’ no Sakizaya itiniay i dafdaf no Cilay i Kalinko, o sofal naira nai katimol no Lio ’alo, ka’amis no Kowa’ ’alo a sa’etal, o sakiemelay finacadan itiya ho[2]: 36 . Satata’angay niyaro’ o Takobowan, i tilid no Mancin o “Cinlawyi ngasaw, Cinyiyi ngasaw, Cuuwan ngasaw” [2]: 120 . Dotocen ko sowal no mato’asay ci Huang Cinwen, tamdaw no Takobowan niyaro’ i, makasepat no mihecaan ko selal[2] kinacecay ko pacakatan itira mililis i Nongpi ’alo, Milon ’alo, Sansien ’alo niliyokan no fitonay a aol[2]: 120 [6]. Toloay ko sacomod kasadakan noya fitonay aol, matiya o tadamanay satena’ adipel ko raan. Midotoc to ’ayaw no kalaloodan, papotalay no niyaro’ a miliyokay fitonay aol ira ko 60 no masaadipelay, cikerohen oya fitonay aol marafasay to 300 mihecaan saan[7].

Faku (背景)

I 1876 miheca 11 folad, nipalekapot to Nataoran ato Kowa’ niyayaro’ ko Kaliyawan tamdaw, nisalafii milood to sofitay, halo pilood han to Payrang, pakatengil to ko kakeridan no Fucien ci Ding Richang tayni sato i Taywan a misalof tonini a demak[8]. Naikoran pasi kakeridan no Kowa’ ngasaw to demak, pahapinang o caayay ko nikasasowalan, masamatira o caayay ka laheci ko sapilood no Kaliyawan tamdaw2]: 63 .

Maherek misalof tonini a demak, ceringen ni Ding Richang ci Wu Guangliang mikotay ci Zhang Qiguang citodong kakeridan no sofitay i Taywan, mifalic to lalekoan no sofitay[9]: 9 . Saka tosa miheca, nai Fucen ci Wu Guangliang mikerid to Fifuyin ato Sienciangin, midoedo to Payawan micomod i Pinoyumayan[2]: 71 . Ikor nai Kohkoh, Fata’an, ato ni Wu Quancheng a sofitay[2]: 71 . Nawhani ’aloman ko finawlan no Kalinko, misawad ci Wu Quancheng to nai ka’amisay, sasifo’ay lalan a micomod to Husan, padeteng sa nai timolay lalan ko kalolala no sofitay[2]: 71 . Misafa’eloh pasilsil to kaitodongan no sofitay, nai 1876 mihecaan caay ka tadamaan ko lalood, nika saki pasawalian no Taywan mafiyoll to ko paecasan no nisetekan[2]: 71.  

Pakayraan no demak (事件經過)

I 1878 miheca 6 folad 18 romi’ad, tena’en no Kaliyawan tamdaw ko sofitay no Mancin to sapiliala to felac a tulid. Saka tosa romi’ad malisiked miliyok to Cuapo (Kali, Pipo) a lalong no sofitay, madoka’ ko micokeray kakeridan sofitay no Mancin ci Chen Desheng, mapatay ko kapot kakeridan ci Yang Yugui, paratohen ni Xia Xianlun aci Wu Guangliang ko no Fucien tapang ci Wu Zancheng, papisapinang to lalengatan no demak. o paratoh a paretatenga ni Xia Xianlun, o lalengatan no demak o nai Payrang a tamdaw ci Chen Huihuang mi’aca to felac a malaliyaliyang, oya ci Chen Huihuang o marariday misamsam to finacadan tamdaw, o nian ko kacangalan no Kaliyawan tamdaw[2]: 32 .

Paretatenga sa ko ikoray to tamdaw a mikingkiw caay ka dengan kalali’aca ko kalaliyangan, o lalengatan no demak oya itiraay i lalong a sofitay misamsam to fafahiyan no niyaro’, o misa’alingayay no ina ko Kaliyawan tamdaw masa’opo tayra i lalong no sofitay a miliyang, nikawrira misatalifokil ko citodongay to milengatay to demak, patayen aca koya miliyangay finacadan a tamdaw, o nianan koya sapiliyang no Kaliyawan tamdaw to Mancin[2]: 82 .

Nawhani o “masatamdaway finacadan” ko Kaliyawan, mili’ayaw mihinom ko Mancin, nanoya ocoren ko citodongay tayra niyaro’ no Kaliyawan mihinom to finawlan, nanoya mapalasawaday aca ko tatiih no demak. nika toyaan ocoren haca no Mancin ci Zhang Zhaolian ko sofitay, nano masapatotay demak to 2 folad i malaliyaw haca masasiwtoc, patayen no Kaliyawan tamdaw ko kakeridan ca Wen Yulin 10 tamdaw[2]: 84. ’Ayaw o nano sini’adaay ci Wu Zancheng tonini a demak, misalatiih to cingra to sapilenlenaw mitekop to Kaliyawan a sangasaw, nanoyaan mitelek to ko sofitay no Mancin a mi’epec to Kaliyawan a ngasaw[2]: 84.

Ocoren ni Wu Zancheng kakeridan no sofitay ci Sun Kaihua mitekop, ato sofitay no riyaran saka pito, pakatamina tayra i Kalinko minato[2]: 131. Naitiya ceringen ko Fucin tosaay komi no sofitay tayra i Sincen nitena’ i Cuapo, patongal to sofitay to 2000 tamdaw[2]: 131. Nao mili’ayaw ko halaka ni Sun Kaihua milefek to Kaliyawan. Nikawrira i 9 folad 5 romi’ad i pisolap i Milon itiya, malipalaw no Kaliyawan tamdaw, mapatay ko pinapina no Mancin. Orasaka li’ayaw sato ci Sun Kaihua milood to i Takofuan niyaro’ a Sakizayan finacadan, paliteked to Kaliyawan ngasaw[2]: 131.

Saka tosa romi’ad, ocoren ni Sun Kaihua ko midamaay kakeridan ci Li Guang pakaitira i Milon minato to sofitay, patayraen ko itiraay i Sincen sofitay i Cuapo pakamaro’ [2]: 131. Oci Sun Kaihua ko mikeriday to sofitay milood to Kaliyawan ngasaw, nika niocoran ci Hu Dexing, Wu Ligui, Zhu Shangpan (Assistant Magistrate), Li Ying (Commander-in-Chief), ato ci Liu Hongshun mikerid to sofitay tayra i Takofuan[2]: 131 .

Matengil noya kakeridan no Kaliyawan ngasaw ci Dafu Wanu i, tangsol sa mikerid to finawlan midama to Takofuan, nika matena’ no sofitay no Mancin, mapatay aca ci Dafu Wanu itiya[2]: 131 .

O nano mataliyokay no fitonay a aol ko salawacan no Takofuan niyaro’, caay pakacomod ko sofitay no Mancin[10]. Rikor mafana’ to ko sofitay toya toloay cinanomay sacomod ’adawang, itiya to midoedo toya pakayraan sacood a milood[10]. Nika oya sacomod madadi’ec, tona micomod ko sofitay i, malipalaw no Sakizaya tamdaw a mipatay[10]. Itiya sato o lamal to ko sapilood no sofitay no Mancin, pasifitonay a aol milood to lamal, saka maemin to malefek to ko niyaro’ [10].

Nanoya o kasasowasowal to no kakitaan no niyaro’ masasowal a mitelek, maocor han to ko kakeridan ci Komod Pazik ato fafahi ci Icep Kanasaw tayra i sofitay no Mancin to katapi’ [11]. Ikor no katapi’ no Sakizaya tamdaw i, tatingen no sofitay i kilang no tool ci Komod Pazik a mipatay[11]. Roma sato pala’en no sofitay ko ta’akay tool a kilang, ’atepen ci Icep Kanasaw i sasifo’, ta kalicen no mo’etepay tamdaw a miripa’ milepi, itiya i ka’atep a mapatay[11]. Ceringen no sofitay no Mancin papinengneng i lawac ko Sakizaya tadaw ato ’Amis tamdaw, todong pipatalaw[11].

I 9 folad 7 romi’ad to kacereman no rimi’ad, miliya haca ko sofitay no Mancin milood to Kaliyawan tamdaw, caay to pakafilo k Kaliyawan tamdaw, satararikor sato[2]: 131. Palalefolefod sa ko pilood, nika caay kafana’ to pakayraan, o semosemotan ko pilimekan no Kaliyawan tamdaw, nanoya patiko sato ko sofitay no Mancin, padoedo to masasongarad[2]: 131. Saka tosa kacereman no rimi’ad, pakaikatimol aoaolan milood ci Wu Guangliang, ci Sun Kaihua sato milipalaw nai kaetip katimol miraod, itira to i salaedan no Milon ’alo milipalaw milood to Kaliyawan ngasaw[2]: 131 .

Kalahokan to, malood to ni Sun Jun ko pikacawan no Kaliyawan tamdaw, mapatay ko salofan semo’ot tamdaw no Kaliyawan, milaliw to ko mafadocay[2]: 131. Nanoyaan, oya kecor sanay a Natawran, Pokpok a sangasaw o doedo sanay to[2]: 132. Nanoya o Truku finacadan milipalaw a milood to Kaliyawan, mataliyok to no kawali, kaetip, katimol, ka’amis a ada saka tapi’ sato[2]: 132 .

Piharatengan (紀念)

1.主條目：Matadidil a lisin (火神祭)

2.達固湖灣被攻破後，二族慘遭滅族，倖存族人逃往縱谷、東海岸，隱身於阿美族之中[1][12]，直至2007年才正名成功[13]。撒奇萊雅族為紀念在戰役中喪生的頭目古穆夫婦，將古穆‧巴力克追尊為「火神」，夫人伊婕‧卡娜蕭則追尊為「火神太」[14]。2006年7月1日，撒奇萊雅族於花蓮市國福部落舉辦首次火神祭（Palamal），追祀其他曾為族人奮戰過的祖先。2009年，噶瑪蘭族、撒奇萊雅族在當年事件發生地「加禮宛大社紀念碑」前，進行埋石立約儀式，代表兩族的盟約如磐石堅定。

Pikidatan (註釋)

1.其實「加禮宛」作為族群稱呼的的時間遠早於「噶瑪蘭族」，東台灣的加禮宛人直到日本人進行考證後，以原鄉「蛤仔難」將該族群稱呼為「Kuvalan」[3]: 71–111 。本條目一律使用加禮宛人，以符合當時的實際狀況。

2.撒奇萊雅人會將不同年齡的族人分為不同年齡階級（miselal）[3]: 278 。

Pinengnengan to tilid (參考文獻)

1.花孟璟. 〈北部〉撒奇萊雅族火神祭 燒屋喻重生. 《自由時報》. 2013-10-06 [2017-10-20]. （原始內容存檔於2017-10-20） （中文（臺灣））.

2.康培德; 李宜憲; 陳俊男. 《加禮宛事件》 初版. 台灣: 原住民委員會. 2015年12月. ISBN 9789860468502.

3.潘朝成; 施正鋒. 《加禮宛戰役》 初版. 台灣: 東華大學原住民學院. 2010年5月. ISBN 9789860236262.

4.詹素娟. 傳說世界與族群關係 ─ 加禮宛人在花蓮地區的歷史與傳說(1827-1930). 新史學. 2006年3月, 17 (1).

5.羅大春. 台灣海防並開山日記.

6.撒奇萊雅族_認識本族. www.tacp.gov.tw. [2017-01-06]. （原始內容存檔於2017-01-06）.

7.楊仁煌. 撒奇萊雅民族文化重構創塑之研究 (PDF). 朝陽人文社會學刊. 2008, 6:1 (2008): 339-387 [2017-08-09]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2019-01-26）.

8.丁日昌. 〈奏為台灣北路生番未靖微臣現擬立即渡台妥籌辦理摺〉. 1876.

9.《清季臺灣洋務史料》. 臺灣銀行經濟研究室. 1969.

10.督固‧撒耘訪談紀錄. library.taiwanschoolnet.org. [2017-02-05]. （原始內容存檔於2017-02-05）.

11.奇萊平原上的巨大茄苳樹：撒奇萊雅族人的生命與毀滅之歌. Mata Taiwan. 2013-10-02 [2017-02-05]. （原始內容存檔於2017-02-05）.

12.新聞：潘建任，《火神祭-撒奇萊雅族的文化傳承 （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）》，公視PeoPo公民新聞平台，2010.7.28

13.原民第13族 撒奇萊雅族今正名 - 政治 - 自由時報電子報. [2017-02-05]. （原始內容存檔於2017-08-09）.

14.新聞：楊宜中，《加禮宛130年 撒奇萊雅、噶瑪蘭族立約紀念 Archive.today的存檔，存檔日期2012-09-09》，自由時報，2009.6.7