Ka’amisay Marian kanatal

Ka’amisay Marian kanatal (北馬里亞納群島)

Ka’amisay Marian kanatal (Inkiris: Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, kedec a tilid CNMI; Chamorro a sowal: Sankattan Siha Na Islas Mariånas; Caroline: Commonwealth Téél Falúw kka Efáng llól Marianas), roma a sowal No Ka’amis Marian kanatal[5], kananaman a sowal Ka’amisay Marian kanatal, ono Amilika caayay ko nipatekoan niyah a sera, pakoniraay sakapot, o kaetipay no Taypinyang todong kalaloodan a sera.

Ira ko 14 no kasakanatal, pakatimol o Guam kanatal no Amilika misiikeday kanatal, itira i kalalaed no Hawaii ato Philippines a Ka’amisay Marian kanatal, itiya i 2020 miheca micalap to maro’ay a tamdaw no kanatal ira ko 47,329 tamdamdaw[6]. O dadahal no Ka’amisay Marian kanatal ira ko 475.26 kongli ko liyok no kanatal (183.50 ml.), halo Saipan, Rota ato Tinian. O faedetay ko romi’ad no Ka’amisay Marian kanatal, masamihecaan ko kaciherangan a romi’ad.

Saipan ato Tinian ira ko hikociw ato minato. Tadamaci no Saipan i paka’amis a Capitol Hill, nika o tilidan o Saipan ko patodongan no kanatal, orasaka o kasakanatal o cecayay a maci.

Likisi (歷史)

I ’ayaw no 3500 mihecaan iraay to ko maro’ay a tamdaw.

Patodongan: O Philippines ko patodongan. (主條目：菲律賓都督府)

Picalapan a ’ongcoy, o nisidayan picalap no Spain a to’ek.

I 1521 mihecaan masapinang ni Gonzalo Gómez de Espinosa. I 1565 miheca macalap no Spain itiya, ikor i 1565 miheca mapacamol tono Philippines kacitodong a mikowan.

O tadamaanay picaferan no tamina no Manila ato Mexico ko Guam itiya, o ’adihayay a ekim pakayni i Guan micafer a tayra i Philippines ato Mexico. Tangasa anini adihay ko ekim matenengay i riyar no Guan. I 17 sician, nawhani o Chamorro a finacadan tamdaw kinapinapina miliyang to pikowan no Spain, nanoya mapatangic ko Chamorro a finacadan mapatayra i Guan malinah (sakanga’ay makowan ato palecapo to pakayraan), ikor mapatiyol itiya o cicamolayto to no sawalian a Carolines finacadan anoeca o kaetipay Chuk finacadan ko maro’ay.

Patodongan: Notimolay kasakanatal (主條目：南洋諸島)

No Dipong picalap to Saipan a to’ek (日治時期的塞班島)

I ikor no 1899 miheca kalalood kaetipay Amilika itiya, pa’acaen no Spain ko dengan a Marian kanatal (Ka’amisay Marian kanatal) ato Carolingian kanatal i Germany, palekapot hanto i no Germany a New Guinea, i Yap sa’etal, mapatireng ko Stationsbezirk Saipan sa’etal. St. Jose kiwkay nanoyaan a to’ek mapatireng. Pacomden no Germany ko kitakit a kiwiko pitilidan, padamso to pafeli to sera. roma misafaloco’ to misa’afinongay katayalan.

Ikor no kalaloodan, o Dipong to ko micalapay. I 1919 mihecaan lekapotan no kasakitakit saka’amisan no kasasiiked to ka’amis katimol a no Germany a kanatal patorodan ko Dipong a mikowan, halo Ka’amisay Marian kanatal. Pikowan no Dipong a to’ek, o pisatefos ko kinairaan no kasakanatal. O Garapan no Saipan ko kahiceraan a micowat, o ’alomanay a tamdaw no Dipong (halo nicalapan a Koreans, Ryukyuans ato Tayan tamdaw) malinah tayra i Ka’amisay Marian kanatal.

I 1939 mihecaa 2 folad, katimolay Taypining (Nanyo) sakowan polong ira ko 129,104 no tamdaw, ira ko 77,257 Dipong a tamdaw (halo Koreans, Ryukyuans ato Tayan tamdaw). ’ayaw lalood no saka tosa a Saipan a tamdaw, ira ko 29,348 finawlan no Dipong ato 3,926 Chamorro a tamdaw ato Caroline finawlan; Tinian ira ko 15,700 tamdaw (halo 2,700 a Koreans), ato 22 ko Chamorro tamdaw.

Saka 2 lalood no hekal (第二次世界大戰)

I 1941 miheca 12 folad 8 folad, saikoran no toki a Pearl (Odo’) minato a lalood, o itiraay i Ka’amisay Marian kanatal a Dipong sofitay micalap to Guan. O nai nikowanan no Dipong mata’elifay t 20 miheca a Chamorro tamdaw i No’amisan Mariana kanatal i, maocor tayra i Guan mipadama to Dipong mikowan to itiraay tamdaw. ira ko 31 ko foladan ko picalap, oya itiraay Chamorro tamdaw i Northern Mariana kanatal mismsam miepec to itiraay Guan a Chamorro tamdaw, oya 1962 miheca mina’ay ko Guan tamdaw to lekapot to No’amisan Mariana Kanata a todong.

I 1944 miheca 6 folad 15 romi’ad, micalap to ko Amilka to No’amisan Mariana kanatal, nanoyaan sa micowat to lalood i Saipan kanatal. Ira ko 30,000 tamdaw no sofitay mikinapatayay midama midimokos Saipan kanatal, talacowa makisafa ko ’icel nika mihadidi mikinafalah to ’orip, matiniay a pilood malosaka lefek ko sofitay no Dipong, dengan 1,000 ko tamdaw ko mafadocay, ira ko malitosaay mikinatapi’ay saheto o nano Koreans a tamdaw[7].

Mirafas to 8,000 ko tamdaw o Dipong a finawlan mikinapatayay, ira ko mafana’ay to kapidah no Dipong a papina tamdaw to micakoday i ton’ ato micocok to tiyad a mikinapatay, nanoya pacekok faheka ko sofitay no Amilika pakanengneng tonini[8]. I 1945 miheca 12 folad 1 romi’ad, saikoray osaw sofitay no Dipong itira i Saipan kanatal a mitapi’.

Nanoya i 1964 miheca, ira ko pinapina finawlan no Dipong mapanokay tayra i kitakit no Dipong.

Patodongan: patorodan i Taypinyang a kanatal (主條目：太平洋群島託管地)

O Linhoko nai 1947 miheca mihayda ko Anlihoy no Linhoko to No. 21 niketonan patorod i Amilika mikowan to Ka’amisay Marian kanatal, halo Palau, Marshall ato Micronesia nikopolongan kanatal no Taypinyang sa’etal ko pipatorod.

I 1958 miheca, 1961 miheca, 1963 miheca ato 1969 miheca midemak to kapolongan to Guan (ko Chamorro tamdaw a finacadan yincumin) mitopa, nika kana’ayen ko Guan. I 1975 miheca 6 folad 17 romi’ad nikasasowal to Amilika sakiikoran no sician pakayni i nikapolongan miropa to saka niyah pala tono Amilika a pikowanan, i 1976 miheca 3 folad 24 romi’ad masasitelek (Covenant) itiya.

Midotoc to nikatatelekan, ono sician malekapot to Amilika ko Ka’amisay Marian kanatal, mira’oy to salaloma’an no niyah salongoc, nika saki papotal a kasasicaliw, pi’ading to kitakit o Amilika ko citodongay. Nai 1977 miheca 11 folad midemak to pipili’ to kakeridan midamaay to kakeridan ato laocan a iing, i 1978 miheca 1 folad midemak to sakiniyah a rikec kimpo. I 1986 miheca 11 folad o congtong no Amilika miratoh to Ka’amisay Marian kanatal ono Amilika a patodongan a sera, o nano finawlan ato ikoray masofoc a tamdaw saheto o Amilika a finawlan.

Sician a rikec (政治體制)

Mileko ko Ka’amisay Marian kanatal to toloay salongoc sarikec no Amilika. O tatapangan no kitakit o congtong no Amilika, o lekapotan a demak o salaloma’an no Amilika a pikowan. O kakeridan ato micokeray to kakeridan ko citodongay mirikec to pakoniyahay a sifo, tosaay kacitodong no finawlan a nipili’an, 4 miheca ko rekad. Laocan no Ka’amisay Marian kanatal tosaay ko pakayraan no pitelak, o Fafa'eday pikaykian 9 ko todong ko iing (toloay kanatal alo 3 ko rocek), 2 miheca miliyaw mipili’. Kararemay pikaykian rafas to 10 (mafalic ko patodongan, mileko to tamdaw ko sa’etal, ala 1ko Tianning, Luota), 2 miheca miliyaw mipili’.

To 30 no mihecaan i, o ’Amisan Mariana awaay ko kacitodong to laocan sa’etal no Amilika finawlan pikowan a sa’etal, dengan o nipa’acaan patireng to “patodongan dayhiw no Washington” a todong, citodong i salicay ato sakakafit tayal no citodongay i Washington. I 2008 miheca mihayda i rikec no Amilika, nai 2009 miheca mapatireng ko awaayay ko sapitopa dayhiw no Ka’amisay Marian kanatal, nanoya o nian sa ko lecadan no Ka’amisay Marian kanatal to roma no Amilika a paseraan.

Midotoc to telek no “lekatep i patateko”, i lekapotan no Amilika a rikec maleko i parena’an no Ka’amisay Marian kanatal, nika ira ko sakowan to picomd kasadak i Ka’amisay Marian kanatal, no niyah ko kacitodongan to pisaledep ato kinaira no nitayalan a telek. Onini a niyah pikowan mapalowad ko papotalay matayalay no Ka’amisay Marian kanatal (ngalef sariko’ay tayal) a picowat. Nika laocan no Amilika i 2007 miheca mihayda pacakat to polong no kitakit a to sakinairaan lifon a telek, mapacakat to ko kinaira no matayalay no Ka’amisay Marian kanatal, nai 1996 miheca tangasa 2007 miheca kasa toki 3.50 to mihecaan pacakaten to 0.50 ko payso, tangasa alalenan i polong no kitakit (anini 7.25 payso) ko patolasan. Laocan no Amilika ato lekapotan sifo i 2008 miheca mihayda t sarikec, nai 2009 miheca palekapot pacomod i sakowan no kitakit ko Ka’amisay Marian kanatal.

Finawlan tamdaw (人口)

Minengneng: nipolongan tamdaw no Ka’amisay Marian kanatal ato cikikaay finawlan no Ka’amisay Marian kanatal.

O ta’akay maci ko Saipan no Ka’amisay Marian kanatal, sadadahalay sera, sa’alomanay ko tamdaw, o nikapolongan sician kicayan ponka a todongan. O itiraay i Saipan a yincumin ira ko Chamorro ato Caroline ngasaw a tamdaw. nawhan o citodongay ko Saipan to kasadak micomod a mikowan, tahanini ira ko 3 ’ofad a romaay kitakit tamdaw matayalay i Saipan. Midotoc 2004 miheca pipolong, romaay tamdaw, o Congko tamdaw ko sa’alomanay, ira ko 15,637 tamdaw, roma o Philippines tamdaw ira ko 13,000 tamdaw, padoedo o Dipong, Taywan, South Korea, Bangladesh, Thailand. O sakaira nitayalan o pisanga’ to riko’ ato pirarakatan.

Kasasiiked no todong midemak (行政區劃)

Ka’amisay Marian kanatal salongan ira ko 463 kongli. Ilaeno masisil ko nai ka’amis talatimol:

Maci (市)

Maci	dadahal面積（km2）	Finawlan tamdaw 2020 miheca sa’opo統計
Ka’amisay Marian kanatal	154.755	7
Saipan	115.38	43,385
Tianning	108.11	2,044
Rota	85.39	1,893

Kanatal (島嶼)

No	Kanatal	dadahal（km2）	tamdaw 2020 misolap	takaraw（m）	kanatal	Kaitiraan
1	Uracas/Farallon de Pajaros	2.0	0	319	Ka’amisay kanatal	20°33′N 144°54′E
2	Maug Islands	2.0	1939－44 ira ko maro’ay	227	Ka’amisay kanatal	20°02′N 145°19′E
3	Asuncion	7.4	0	891	Ka’amisay kanatal	19°43′N 145°41′E
4	Agrigan	40.0	4	965	Ka’amisay kanatal	18°46′N 145°40′E
5	Pagan	46.6	2	579	Ka’amisay kanatal	18°08′36″N 145°47′39″E
6	Alamagan	11.0	1	744	Ka’amisay kanatal	17°35′N 145°50′E
7	Guguan	4.0	0	301	Ka’amisay kanatal	17°20′N 145°51′E
8	Zealandia Bank	>0.0	0	>0	Ka’amisay kanatal	16°45′N 145°42′E
9	Sarigan	4.9	Naira ko maro’ay, paterekan anini	549	Ka’amisay kanatal	16°43′N 145°47′E
10	Anatahan	30.8	1990 mapalopisak	787	Ka’amisay kanatal	16°22′N 145°40′E
11	Farallon de Medinilla	0.9	0	81	Ka’amisay kanatal	16°01′N 146°04′E
12	Saipan	122.9	43,385	474	Katimolay kanatal	15°11′06″N 145°44′28″E
13	Tinian	102.0	2,044	170	Katimolay kanatal	14°57′12″N 145°38′54″E
14	Agiguan/Aguijan	7.0	0	157	Katimolay kanatal	14°42′N 145°18′E
15	Rota	95.7	1,893	491	Katimolay kanatal	14°08′37″N 145°11′08″E
	Ka’amisay Marian kanatal	463.6	47,329	965		14°08' to 20°33'N, 144°54° to 146°04'E

Citodongay kadademakan, mali 4 kasasiiked no maci citodongay niyah pikowan (municipalities)： (行政上，北馬里亞納群島自治邦分為四個市（municipalities）：)

Saka 1 tangasa 11 a kanatal o “Ka’amisay kanatal (Northern Islands)”, citodongay pikowan Ka’amisay kanatal.

Saka 12 tangasa 15 a kanatal o “Katimolay kanatal (Southern Islands)”, halo Saipan, Tinian ato Rota 3 maci, awaayay ko tamdaw a Aguijan mapatodong i Tinian pakapi.

Ka’amisay kanatal a tamdaw milecad to kafafalic no romi’ad masiroma, 2000 miheca 4 folad nisolapan i dengan o Alamagan kanatal ira ko 6 tamdaw maro’, nika midotoc to nitokian to pipili’ (misinkiw) nisa’oian, o Alamagan halo Pagan kanatal, Agriham kanatal ko marafasay to 100 tamdaw i kafalic no romi’ad. Ka’amisay kanatal a finawlan nao sakikicay ato sapitilid ko nihaenan, ira i Saipan ko patodongan to romi’adan kamaro’an, Ka’amisay kanatal a kakeridan a kadademakan matiya “malafelay” i Saipan kanatal. Ka’amisay kanatal a tamdaw itira i kafiyolan no namalay lotok ko kadademakan. O Pagan kanatal i 1980 miheca mafowak ko natalay lotok, nika sapater sa toni a miheca ta ira ko tamdaw a dademak. Ona iraay ko maro’ay i Anatahan kanatal, nika i 2003 miheca ira ko namalay lotok miliyas ko tamdaw.

Pinengnengan to tilid. (參考資料)

1.北马里亚纳群岛联邦（Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands）. 中華人民共和國駐洛杉磯總領事館經濟商務處. [2023-04-29]. （原始內容存檔於2023-05-03） （中文（中國大陸））.

2.國家或區域： 北馬利安納群島邦 國家(英文)： Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands(CNMI) （簡稱北馬群島）. 中華民國外交部領事事務局. [2016-04-13]. （原始內容存檔於2016-05-09）.

3.北馬里亞納群島 the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. 經貿訊息核心組件與國家標準代碼查詢. 中華民國經濟部標準檢驗局. [2016-04-13]. （原始內容存檔於2016-05-13）.[1] （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）、[2] （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）

4.北馬里亞納群島（Commonwealth of North Mariana Islands）－系統識別號： C09502028 計畫名稱： 太平洋港埠協會2006年會 報告名稱： 參加太平洋港埠協會(Association of Pacific Ports, APP)第93屆年會（2006 Annual Conference）出國報告書. 交通部臺中港務局. 中華民國國家發展委員會. 2006-11-15 [2016-04-13]. （原始內容存檔於2016-05-09）.C09502028_16153.doc （頁面存檔備份，存於網際網路檔案館）

5.中国游客赴北马里亚纳群岛联邦旅行注意事项发布. [2025-02-03]. （原始內容存檔於2025-02-06）.

6.2020年人口普查 (PDF). [2023-12-12]. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2024-07-03）.

7.Battle Of Saipan. Historynet.com. [2015-08-29]. （原始內容存檔於2012-11-03）.

8.日本人為何拼命送死？士兵衝向機槍被掃射、數千平民跳崖自殺…揭二戰塞班島血腥過往.