Hose Mocika congtong

Hose Mocika congtong (荷西·穆希卡總統)

Hose Alperto “Pipi” Mocika Kordano (Spain: José Alberto "Pepe" Mujica Cordano [a]; I 1935 miheca 5 folad 20 romi’ad tangasa 2025 miheca 5 folad 13 romi’ad), o mamohay, sician, mifelihay no Uruguay kitakit, nai 2010 miheca tangasa 2015 miheca malasaka 40 rekad congtong no kitakit[1]. Misawad i, o fafahi to ningra ci Lucia Topolanski ko mala micokeray to congtong nai 2017 miheca tangasa 2020 miheca, orasaka mala saka tosa fa’inayan kitakit no Uruguay.

I’ayaw ni Mocika o masakawiliay no maci a selal “Mincu sedalay onto – Tupamaros” sakapot, i 1970 mihecaan tangasa 1980 mihecaan marepet no mitekeday sakowan a marofo, mafades ato ira ko 14 mihecaan marofo. Ikor noni mikapot to cingra to masakawiliay kasarekad nipatatekoan “Dadahalay cefang”, i 2005 miheca tangasa 2008 miheca nao misakolongay, maomahay ato mifotingay a kakeridan, saan citodong to fa’eday pikaykian a iing. I 2009 miheca, citodong nikacingangan no dadahalay cefang milifet to congtong malifet maala, i 2010 miheca 3 folad 1 romi’ad micada mala congtong.

Masapakoyocay ko ’orip ni Mocika, sacisowal sa ko mitiya cingraan i o “Sapakoyocay congtong no hekalan” saan, to folafoladan ira ko 12000 US ko lifon ningra, mali 9% palada’en i mangalayay, sakidama to pakoyocay tamdaw ato mimingay pakatayalan tamdaw[2][3]. O sapaca’of ni Mocika to milikafay o sakidafongan aca ko pakayraan no milidafongay, paretatenga sa matiniay awaay ko sakaira kalemedan. No harana’an a nisowalan dadahal ko palalan no saki’orip makaimahen no mitiya a palita’ang pahemek. Inkiris “Thames takaraway kiwiko” nai 2015 miheca o “harana’an congtong” saan ko patinako ci Mocikaan, pakayni mipaletateko to ni Plato nipasadakan “hongti no harana’an” a niharateng[4][5].

Ni’oripan (簡歷)

I 1935 miheca 5 folad 20 romi’ad, masofoc ci Mocika itira i inakaay niyaro’ no Montevideo i Uruguay. I 1960 miheca tangasa 1970 mihecaan i, mikapot to masakawiliay no maci a selal “Mincu sedalay onto – Tupamaros” ato miliyang to misatekeday sofitay pikowan a sifo itiya, ona marepetay marofo to 12 miheca. I 1985 miheca, malowad to o nikapolongan to ko Uruguay kitakit i, mapasadak to ci Mocika. I 1995 miheca, milifet ci Mocika to Kararemay pikaykian a iing no Uruguay kitakit.

Congtong (總統)

I 2009 miheca 11 folad 29 romi’ad, ira ko 74 no mihecaan citodong to mikowanay nipatatekoan dadahalay cefang mikihatiya milifet to sakinatosa liyad to congtong, ira ko 52.6% ko tapi’ fa’elohay congtong no Uruguay kitakit.

Nano o maomahay laloma’an ci Mocika i 2009 miheca mala dadahalay cefang mapatorod to congtong i, ona mina’ayay “Palacongtongen kako matiya sa o mi’es’esay to fafoy ko caay ka rahoday” saan, nika malifet aca maala.

I 2010 miheca 3 folad 1 romi’ad, mapatireng ci Mocika to congtong i, mina’ay maro’ patodongan no sifo padamso to kamaro’an loma’, itira sa i omahomahan a loma’ ato fafahi ningra a maro’, nawhani sowal sa: “makidadahal to karofoan ako to 14 miheca ko nga’ay”. Talacowa halafin to ko kararamod, nika awaay ko wawa nangra tatosa mararamod, to romi’ami’ad ira ko tatosaay tayrin ato Waco ko misamaway to loma’, mina’ay cingra to mikotoday ato ciriko’ay a tosiya miseraay, o niyah sa ko parakatay to iraay to ko 25 mihecaan a tosiya tayra katayalan i congtongfo. Matiniay masasifelihay congtong maraod ko pa’aliwacan tayra i sadatengan maomah, mikayat to Waco minengneng to mimaliay, o malaiingay fafahi pakoniyah han ko nengneng.

Orasaka mihapiw to kalacongtong ningra, o 9% no lifon to congtong paladaen i sadama, liwadiway tamdaw a kiking. O niyah ato fafahi itira sa i omah a talo’an ko aro’. Caay pakacinikotayen ko mikacaway, tatirengan awaay ko ci tadamaanay ko losid. O dafong no loma’ dengan 21.5 US aca, I 2012 miheca misingsi to sata kafahekaen: inaka no tadamaanay maci ira ko 1 marelangay loma’ i omahan ato tosaay omah, tosaay nai 1987 mihecaan a tosiya, tosa ko kangkang, ato caayay ka 20 ’ofed US a nina’angan payso.

Onini a demak, itini to i calay ato mitiya a masowal, o pilaha to pihemak ko adihayay. Spain mitiya i cingraan “O sapakoyocay congtong i hekal” [7], nika o “kalihamhaman no Lating kitakit a congtong”. Sowal sa: “’osaw to maedeng kako, ano hatira to ko kaadihay caay ka hatire ko no finawlan nietanan, mana caay kaedengen kako saw?” ikor to no pisawadan ako a payso palada’en ho ako. Saki niyah a kacingangan to “O sapakoyocay congtong i hekal”, paca’of sa ci Mocika “caay ka pakoyoc kako, sowalen to kapakoyocay a tamdaw o so’elinay o pakoyocay. O sowal awaayay ko maamaan dafongan han so’elinay to, nika masapakoyoc ko saka cidafongay kako.”  

Marahiday cingra, o kangadoan no sician i Lating. Masapakoyoc ko ’orip sakaira no kanga’ay i kasakitakit, nikawrira paini ci Mocika, o somowalay to “pakoyocay tamdaw” sanay takowan to pisakacidafongaw, “caay ko ako ko “sapakoyocay” a congtong, “sapakoyocay” ahan oya adihayay ko payso ko saka’orip a tamdaw ko sapakoyocay”, “pato’as ko likisi ako takowan” ano cecay to ko takar sawfan ko kafoti’an lipahak to kako”.

I 2013 miheca, o kicay hakasi tamdaw mipili’ to mihecaan dayhiw kitakit no Uruguay, oya ci Mocika congtong ko midotocay tonini, kicay hakasi tamdaw pangangan sa “patahtahan misangodoay, halopakoniraay a kahemekan” [8].

I 2015 miheca 3 folad 1 romi’ad, 79 ko mihecaan misawad to kalacongtong no Uruguay, saka 27 romi’ad tana papelo cingra i, masafelaway sapatekay tamdaw ko mikihatiyaay, talalosa’ ko finawlan[9]. Midotocay ci abaré Vasquez i kacitodongan.

I 2020 miheca 10 folad 20 romi’ad, ci Mocika i 2019 miheca COVID 19 no salifong ato awaay to ko ’icel sapitena’ to adada, misawad to kala Fafa'eday pikaykian iing, sawad sato sician itiya. kapisawad ningra to Fafa'eday pikaykian iing a papelo: “kacakat no ’orip i caay ko sakilifet, oya katolo’an to romi’ami’adan miliyaw a tomireng ko nga’ay.” Toya romi’ad, ’ayaway congtong ci Julio Maria Sanguinetti pasi Fafa'eday pikaykian to pisawad malaiing[10].

Kapatayan (逝世)

I 2024 miheca 4 folad, pipakinsa ni Mocika to tatirengan masapinang ko kacikang no sa’enocan adada[11], mapaadak to ko latiihay no tireng a malacaan to[12]. Talacowa tadaeca to ko tatirengan, mikihatiya ci Mocika to 2024 miheca conngtong no Uruguay, mipadang to dadahalay cefang a milifetay ci Armando Orsi milifat; o sowal ningra ci Orsian maala “o saikoray a sapakaolah koni.” [13][14] 2025 miheca 1 folad, milayap ci Mocika to “Búsqueda” week post milicay, malinah to ko kang tayra i ’atay, paretatenga caayto ka hakowa ko romi’ad, mitelek o caacaay to padoedo ko paising[15].  

I 2025 miheca 5 folad 21 romi’ad, pasowal ko fafahi ci Lucia Topolanski to adada no Mocika, itira sato i panga’ayay ko padama[16]. Saka rosa romi’ad (5 folad 13 romi’ad) mapatay to ci Mocika, ira ko 89 no ’orip i hekal, to 1 to lipay 90 to ko mihecaan. Pipadongosan itira i Montevideo a Rincon del Cerro niyaro’. painiay to ’orip o congtong ci Armando Orsi mihapiway[17][18][19].

O ’alomanay tapang no kasakitakit ato kakeridan no kitakit mararom to patay ni Mocika, halo congtong no Chile ci Gabriel Polic, Colombian congtong ci Gustavo Petro, Mexican congtong ci Claudia Schernbaum, Spanish kakeridan ci Pedro Sánchez. ’Ayaway congtong no Argentine congtong ci Cristina Fernández de Quicina ato ’ayaway congtong no Bolivian ci Evo Morales mapolong pasowal. Uruguay sifo tolo romi’ad ko pitefad to fayfay a mita’ong, itira i 5 folad 14 romi’ad ko pitademan no kitakit, halo pasiki a padongos[20].

Pisaheci (注釋)

1.西班牙語發音：[xoˈse alˈbeɾto muˈxika koɾˈðano]；暱稱「Pepe」發音為[ˈpepe]。

Pinengnengan to tilid (參考資料)

1.José Pepe Mujica: Biography of the Former President. 2021-04-09 [2025-05-14] （美國英語）.

2.Jose Mujica: The world's 'poorest' president. BBC News. 2012-11-07 [2025-05-14] （英國英語）.

3.Watts, Jonathan. Uruguay's president José Mujica: no palace, no motorcade, no frills. The Guardian. 2013-12-13 [2025-05-14]. ISSN 0261-3077 （英國英語）.

4.Interview: the “philosopher president” of Uruguay. Times Higher Education (THE). 2015-04-09 [2025-05-14] （英語）.

5.Bourcier, Nicolas; Legrand, Christine. Uruguay's José Mujica: the 'humble' leader with grand ideas. The Guardian. 2014-05-27 [2025-05-14]. ISSN 0261-3077 （英國英語）.

6.新聞人物：烏拉圭當選總統穆希卡. 新華網. 2009-12-01 [2009-12-01]. （原始內容存檔於2014-06-20） （中文（簡體））.

7.世界最窮總統 月捐九成人工. 明報. 2012-11-17 [2013-03-11]. （原始內容存檔於2013-04-28） （中文（繁體））.

8.經濟學人選出2013年度代表國：烏拉圭. 蘋果日報. 2013-12-22 [2014-01-16]. （原始內容存檔於2014-01-16） （中文（繁體））.

9.世界最窮總統卸任 上千烏拉圭人歡送. [2016-04-22]. （原始內容存檔於2016-05-05）.

10.Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche. Expresidente uruguayo José Mujica renuncia al Senado y se retira de la política activa | DW | 20.10.2020. DW.COM. [2020-10-22]. （原始內容存檔於2020-11-01） （歐洲西班牙語）.

11.El ex presidente uruguayo José Mujica anunció que tiene un tumor en el esófago. www.infobae.com. 2024-04-29 [2024-04-29].

12.Iconic former Uruguayan President José Mujica is diagnosed with esophageal cancer. Associated Press. 2024-04-29 [2024-04-30].

13.Díaz Campanella, Gabriel. Uruguay's José Mujica steps in to help Broad Front mobilize voters ahead of runoff vote. El País. 2024-10-29 [2024-10-29] （英語）.

14.Iconic Uruguayan ex-leader hails country's swing left as 'farewell gift'. France 24. 2024-11-30 [2024-11-30] （英語）.

15.Uruguay's iconic ex-President Jose Mujica says his cancer has spread and that he's dying. AP News. 2025-01-10 [2025-01-10] （英語）.

16.El presidente de Uruguay revela que José 'Pepe' Mujica está grave'. El País. 2025-05-12 [2025-05-12] （西班牙語）.

17.Montevideo, Pedro Tristant Desde. Murió José "Pepe" Mujica, el ex guerrillero que llegó a presidente y se convirtió en símbolo mundial. infobae. 2025-05-13 [2025-05-13] （西班牙語）.

18.Rios, Michael. José Mujica, Uruguay's modest leader who transformed the country, dies at 89. CNN. 2025-05-13 [2025-05-13] （英語）.

19.Centenera, Mar. La izquierda hispanoamericana despide a Pepe Mujica: "¡Te vamos a extrañar mucho, viejo querido!". El País. 2025-05-13 [2025-05-13] （西班牙語）.

20.Uruguay se prepara para despedir a José 'Pepe' Mujica: cómo serán el cortejo fúnebre y el velatorio. Infobae. 2025-05-13 [2025-05-13] （西班牙語）.