Faylo:Abd el-Ouahed ben Messaoud ben Mohammed Anoun, Moorish ambassador to Elizabeth I, who may have been the inspiration for the character Othello (4004295055).jpg

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Abd el-Ouahed ben Messaoud ben Mohammed Anoun (1558-?) was principal secretary to the Moroccan ruler "Muly Hamet" (Mulai Ahmad al-Mansur), and ambassador to the court of Queen Elizabeth I of England in 1600, to promote the establishment of an Anglo-Moroccan alliance.

The visit of Abd el-Ouahed ben Messaoud followed the sailing of The Lion in 1551, and the 1585 establishment of the English Barbary Company, which had the objective of developing trade between England and Morocco.Vaughan, p.57 Diplomatic relations and an alliance were established between Elizabeth and the Barbary states.

The last years of the 16th century saw major English successes against Spain, with the English victory against the Spanish Armada in 1588, and the Capture of Cadiz by the Earl of Essex in 1597, and also Moroccan successes against Spain at the Battle of Alcazar in 1578. Emboldened by these successes, Muly Hamet decided to send an embassy to propose a joint invasion of Spain. Abd el-Ouahed ben Messaoud was accompanied by al Hage Messa and al Hage Bahanet, as well as an interpreter named Abd el-Dodar, an Andalusian by birth, under cover of a trade mission to Aleppo with a stopover in London.Nicoll, p.91 Altogether, the embassy numbered 16 (including some prisoners being returned to England), and sailed onboard The Eagle under Robert Kitchen. He reached Dover on 8 August, 1600.

Abd el-Ouahed ben Messaoud spent 6 months at the court of Elizabeth, at the age of 42, in order to negotiate an alliance against Spain. Abd el-Ouahed ben Messaoud spoke some Spanish, but he communicated to the queen through his interpreter who spoke in Italian. They met with the queen on August 19,Nicoll, p92 and again on September 10. The Moroccan ruler wanted the help of an English fleet to invade Spain, Elizabeth refused, but welcomed the embassy as a sign of insurance, and instead accepted to establish commercial agreements.Vaughan, p.57 Queen Elizabeth and King Hamet continued to discuss various plans for combined military operations, with Elizabeth requesting a payment of 100,000 pounds in advance to King Hamet for the supply of a fleet, and Hamet asking for a tall ship to be sent to get the money. Discussions however remained inconclusive, and both rulers died within two years of the embassy.

The painting of Abd el-Ouahed ben Messaoud is visible at the Shakespeare Institute at Stratford-upon-Avon.

It has been suggested that the figure of Abd el-Ouahed ben Messaoud may have inspired the character of Shakespeare's Moorish hero Othello.
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lalengatan Abd el-Ouahed ben Messaoud ben Mohammed Anoun, Moorish ambassador to Elizabeth I, who may have been the inspiration for the character Othello
O misoritay Ann Longmore-Etheridge from Western Maryland, United States

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Public domain

本作品在其來源國以及其他著作權期限是作者逝世後70年或以下的國家與地區屬於公有領域


這個作品在美利堅合眾國屬於公有領域,因為它首次發布早於1929年1月1日,或於該日期之前在美國著作權局登記。

這幅圖片原始出處為Flickr的https://flickr.com/photos/60861613@N00/4004295055 ,作者為lisby1 。經機器人FlickreviewR 2在2021年Saka sepat a folad24日審查後確定為採用Public Domain Mark的協議授權使用。

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描繪內容 Chinese (Taiwan)

著作權狀態 Chinese (Taiwan)

公有領域 Chinese (Taiwan)

成立或建立時間 Chinese (Taiwan)

12 10 2009

檔案來源 Chinese (Taiwan)

檔案可於網際網路取用 繁體中文 (已轉換拼寫)

營運者 Chinese (Taiwan):​Flickr Chinese (Taiwan)

多媒體型式 Chinese (Taiwan)

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核對和 Chinese (Taiwan)

22911a0d19e2b92ffc920fa77fc44fce333bb094

斷定方法 Chinese (Taiwan):​SHA-1 中文 (已轉換拼寫)

資料大小 Chinese (Taiwan)

166,256 位元組

高度 Chinese (Taiwan)

688 像素

寬度 Chinese (Taiwan)

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